Abstract
A great deal of nonviolent activism is dedicated to attempts to educate and influence people’s attitudes. Art is a particularly powerful way of doing this. As Sophie Kerr wrote: ‘If peace … only had the music and pageantry of war, there’d be no more wars.’1
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Notes
Sophie Kerr, quoted in Jeanne Larson and Madge Micheels-Cyrus (comps) (1986) Seeds of Peace (Philadelphia: New Society Publishers) p. 221.
Michael E. Mann, ‘Besieged by Climate Deniers, a Scientist Decides to Fight Back’, Yale Environment 360, 12 April 2012, http://e360.yale.edu.
Clive Hamilton, ‘Bullying, Lies and the Rise of Right-Wing Climate Denial’, The Drum, ABC, 22–26 February 2010.
Ibid.
Hertsgaard, op. cit., p. 265; see also Noam Chomsky, ‘How Climate Change Became a “Liberal Hoax”’, The Nation, 9 February 2011, www.thenation.com.
Marty Branagan (1984) ‘A Green Article’, Union Recorder, Vol.64, No.4, 17 April, p. 6.
Tony Lynch and Bert Jenkins (2007) ‘Global Warming, Contemporary Politics and the Principle of Least Disruption’, Australian Quarterly, Vol.79, No.4, July/August, pp. 30–5.
E. O. Wilson (1999) Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (London: Abacus) p. 326.
Stephanie Peatling, ‘Boring greenies hope to be next year’s black’, Sydney Morning Herald (SMH), 15 July 2003, p. 3.
David Zax, ‘The Last Experiment’, Seed Magazine, 22 April 2009. http://seedmagazine.com.
Sean Scalmer (2002) Dissent Events: Protest, the Media and the Political Gimmick in Australia (Sydney: UNSW Press).
Robyn Archer, Keynote address, Art of Dissent Conference, Melbourne, 20 October 2002.
Karen Callaghan (1996) ‘Torture — The Body in Conflict: The Role of Movement Psychotherapy’, in Marian Liebmann (ed.) (1996) Arts Approaches to Conflict (London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers) pp. 249–72.
Johan Galtung (1969) ‘Violence, Peace and Peace Research’, Journal of Peace Research, Vol.6, pp. 167–91; Johan Galtung (1971) ‘A Structural Theory of Imperialism’, Journal of Peace Research, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 81–117.
Toby Clark (1997) Art and Propaganda in the Twentieth Century: The Political Image in the Age of Mass Culture (London: Orion); Jenny Grenfell (1993) ‘A Womb with a View: Visual Dialogue in a Cultural Context’, in Edward Errington (ed.) Arts Education: Beliefs, Practices and Possibilities (Geelong: Deakin University Press) p. 54.
Johan Galtung (1990) ‘Cultural Violence’, Journal of Peace Research, Vol.27, No.3.
Jose Borghino (2000) The Arts Economy Overview (Surry Hills: Australia Council) pp. 5–6.
Sujatha Fernandes, ‘The Mixtape of the Revolution’, New York Times, 29 January 2012, www.nytimes.com.
Other terms include ‘guerilla theatre’, in Gene Sharp (1973) The Politics of Nonviolent Action (Boston Ma.: Porter Sargent) p. 397, and ‘agitprop’ and ‘zap actions’, in Roger S. Powers and William B. Vogele (1997) Protest, Power and Change: An Encyclopaedia of Nonviolent Action from ACT-UP to Women’s Suffrage (New York: Garland Publishing) p. 225.
Martin Comte (1993) ‘Multi-arts: Issues and Implication for Schools and Teacher Education’, in Errington, op. cit., p. 157.
Marc Aronson (1998) Art Attack: A Short Cultural History of the Avant-Garde (New York: Clarion Books); Adrian Henri (1974) Total Art: Environments, Happenings, and Performance (New York: Praeger).
For a definition, see Steven M. Sultanoff (2002) ‘Integrating Humor into Psychotherapy’, in Charles Schaefer (ed.) Play Therapy with Adults (New York: Wiley and Sons), http://humormatters.com.
Joan Coxsedge, Ken Coldicutt and Gerry Harant (1982) Rooted in Secrecy: The Clandestine Element in Australian Politics (Balwyn North: CAPP) pp. 144–5.
Phil Thornton, Liam Phelan and Bill McKeown (1997) I Protest (Annandale: Pluto Press) pp. 163–4.
Geoff Cooke, Jill Fulton, Ann Rayner, and Dee Wallace (2000) Look at Me Now: A Community under Siege (Emerald Beach: LAMNAPC) p. 116.
Timothy Doyle (2000) Green Power: The Environment Movement in Australia (Sydney: University of NSW Press) p. 40.
It has been suggested, for example, that some sandstone carvings are educational star-maps. See D.F Branagan and H.C Cairns (1994) ‘Marks On Sandstone Surfaces — Sydney Region, Australia: Cultural Origins and Meanings?’, Journal and Proceedings of Royal Society of NSW, Vol.126, pp. 125–33.
Andrew Markus (1994) Australian Race Relations 1788–1993 (St Leonards: Allen & Unwin) p. 3; see also Michael Chisolm and David M. Smith (1990) Shared Space: Divided Space: Essays on Conflict and Territorial Organisation (London: Unwin Hyman).
Paul Newbury (ed.) (1999) Aboriginal Heroes of the Resistance: From Pemulwuy to Mabo (Surry Hills: Action for World Development) p. 32.
See Margo Neale (2000) Urban Dingo: The Art and Life of Lin Onus 1948–1996 (Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery); Brenda L. Croft (2001) Indigenous Art (Perth: Art Gallery of Western Australia).
Tim Bonyhady (2000) The Colonial Earth (Carlton: Miegunyah Press); Lou Klepac (ed.) (2000) Australian Painters of the Twentieth Century (Sydney: The Beagle Press).
Drew Hutton and Libby Connors (1999) A History of The Australian Environment Movement (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press).
Warren Fahey (2000) Ratbags & Rabblerousers: A Century of Political Protest, Song and Satire (Strawberry Hills, Australia: Currency Press); Builders’ Labourers’ Federation (1975) Builders’ Labourers’ Songbook (Camberwell: Widescope).
See Verity Burgmann (1993) Power and Protest: Movements for Change in Australian Society (St Leonards: Allen and Unwin) p. 47.
Ralph Summy (1997) ‘Australia, A History of Nonviolent Action’, in Powers and Vogele, op. cit., p. 26; Paul Kelly (2010) How to Make Gravy (Camberwell: Penguin Books) pp. 463–4.
National Gallery of Australia (1993) Surrealism: Revolution by Night (Canberra: NGA).
Peter Ackerman and Jack Duvall (2000) A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict (Hampshire: Palgrave) pp. 267–302.
Michael Desmond and Christine Dixon (1995) 1968 (Canberra: NGA); Jennifer Phipps (1997) I Had a Dream: Australian Art in the 1960s (Melbourne: NGV).
See Philip Hayward (ed.) (1992) From Pop to Punk to Postmodernism (Sydney: Allen & Unwin).
Charles Reich (1972) The Greening of America (Harmondsworth: Penguin).
Cynthia Freeland (2002) But Is It Art? (Oxford: Oxford University Press) p. 125.
Arthur Marwick (1998) The Sixties (Oxford: Oxford University Press) p. 493.
Jill Montgomery (1984/5) ‘Defense d’Afficher: Loi du 29 Juillet 1881…Paris, May 1968’, Art & Text, No.16, Summer, pp. 32–42; Desmond and Dixon, op. cit.
Marwick op. cit.; see also Theodore Roszak (1969) The Making of a Counter- Culture: Reflections on the Technocratic Society and Its Youthful Opposition (New York: Doubleday).
Charles Chatfield (1997) ‘Vietnam War Opposition’, in Powers and Vogele, op. cit., p. 555. There were also isolated examples of violent protest, such as bombings by The Weather Underground.
Milissa Deitz, ‘In this resistance movement, literacy is the weapon’, Sydney Morning Herald (SMH), 5 April 2004, p. 11.
Alli Starr (2001) ‘Art and Revolution: Revitalizing Political Protest’, in Neva Welton and Linda Wolf (eds) Global Uprising (Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers) p. 36.
June Boyce-Tillman (1996) ‘Getting Our Acts Together — Conflict Resolution Through Music’ in Liebmann, op. cit., p. 210.
Diana Ingram (1984) ‘Roxby — One Woman’s View’, Honi Soit, No.20, 18 September, p. 5.
David Curtis and Fran Curtis (2004) ‘Performance and Environmental Awareness’, The Universal Mosaic of Drama/Theatre: The IDEA 2004 Dialogues, p. 3.
Geoff Danaher, Tony Schirato and Jen Webb (2000) Understanding Foucault (St Leonards: Allen and Unwin) p. 48.
Summy (1995) op. cit., p. 166.
See Joanna Macy and John Seed (1983) Despair and Personal Empowerment in the Nuclear Age (Philadelphia: New Society Publishers).
Barnwell, cited in The Blockaders (1983) The Franklin Blockade (Hobart: TWS) p. 42.
Peter A. Andersen (1999) Nonverbal Communication: Forms and Functions, (Mountain View: Mayfield Publishing Company) p. 1.
Betty J. Haslett (1976) ‘Dimensions of Teaching Effectiveness’, Journal of Experimental Education, No. 44, p. 8.
Lisa Stefani (2004) ‘Nonverbal Communication: Messages without Words’, www.grossmont.edu.
John Ralston Saul (1997) The Unconscious Civilization (Ringwood: Penguin) p. 65; see also Charlotte Beck (1989) Everyday Zen (London: Thorsons) p. 69.
Fran Peavey (2000) Heart Politics Revisited (Annandale: Pluto Press).
Betty Edwards (1999) Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain (New York: Tarcher/Putnam) p. xii.
Victor Turner (1969) The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-structure (London: Routledge) pp. 94–130; Victor Turner (1982) ‘From Ritual to Theatre: The Human Seriousness of Play’, Performing Arts Journal, New York, pp. 20–59.
Pam Waud (c.1984) ‘The National Stage: Pam Waud’, in Roger Green (ed.) Battle For The Franklin (Sydney: Fontana Books) p. 260; Parkes cited in Aidan Ricketts (2003) ‘“Om Gaia Dudes”: The North East Forest Alliance’s Old–Growth Forest Campaign’, in Helen Wilson (ed.) Belonging in the Rainbow Region: Cultural Perspectives on the NSW North Coast (Lismore: Southern Cross University Press) p. 125; Louise Nano, pers. comm., 12 May 2004.
Marty Branagan (2008) We Shall Never Be Moved (Koln, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing) pp. 349–350.
David Curtis (2005) How the Visual and Performing Arts Influence Environmental Behaviour (Armidale: University of New England) p. 15.
Saul, op. cit., pp. 45–6; see also F. Heylighen (1999) ‘Change and information overload’, Principia Cybernetica Web, www.pespmc1.vub.ac.be.
Jeanette Winterson (1995) Art Objects (London: Jonathan Cape) p. 99.
See Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer (eds.) (2002) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications).
Kevin Gilbert (1994) Black from the Edge (South Melbourne: Hyland House).
Arnold Zable (2001) Café Scheherazade (Melbourne: Text Publishing). Arnold is the brother of Benny Zable.
Cited in Ann Turner (2000) In Their Image: Contemporary Australian Cartoonists (Canberra: National Library of Australia) p. 114.
T.V. Reed (2005) The Art of Protest (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) pp. 156–78.
Sharee Berrier and Hanne Worsoe (1984) ‘Media Rocks Roxby’, Honi Soit, No.22, 2 October, p. 16.
Iain McIntyre (2009) How to Make Trouble and Influence People (Carlton: Breakdown Press) p. 105. See, for example: Lexy Hamilton-Smith, ‘Evening News Report’, Channel Seven (Canberra), 24 November 1991.
Steve Sharp (2012) Journalism and Conflict in Indonesia: From Reporting Violence to Reporting Peace (Oxford: Routledge); see also Inoue Yasuhiro (2010) ‘Media’s Role in Peace Building’, in Carol Rinnert, Omar Farouk, and Inoue Yasuhiro (eds) Hiroshima and Peace (Hiroshima: Keisuisha) pp. 272–85; Jake Lynch, with Johan Galtung (2010) Reporting Conflict: New Directions in Peace Journalism (Brisbane: University of Queensland Press).
Fiona Martin and Rhonda Ellis (2003) ‘Dropping In, Not Dropping Out: Evolution of the Alternative Media in the Rainbow Region 1970–2002’, in Wilson, op. cit., pp. 179–201.
Starhawk (2002) ‘How we really shut down the WTO’, in Benjamin Shephard and Ronald Hayduk (eds) From ACTUP to the WTO: Urban Protest and Community Building in the Era of Globalisation (London: Verso) p. 55.
Jon Spencer (1990) Protest and Praise (Minneapolis: Fortress Press) p. 84.
See Alan Dearling and Brendan Hanley (2000) Alternative Australia: Celebrating Cultural Diversity (Dorset: Enabler Publications).
Janet Hawley, ‘Tree amigos’, SMH, 28 June 2003, p. 23.
Chris Lee and Leith Maddock (2000) ‘Love Letter from the Trees’, in Dearling and Hanley, op. cit., p. 166.
Katrina Shields (1993) In the Tiger’s Mouth: An Empowerment Guide For Social Action (Newtown: Millenium Books) pp. 119–53.
Derek Hansen (1998) Blockade (Sydney: HarperCollins).
Anny Shaw and Gareth Harris (2012) ‘Arab protesters put their art on the streets’, Art Newspaper, No.231, January, www.theartnewspaper.com.
Aidan Ricketts (2006) ‘Theatre of Protest: The Magnifying Effects of Theatre in Direct Action’, Journal of Australian Studies, No.89, pp. 75–87.
See Elzbieta Rawicz-Oledzka (1991) ‘A New Style of Polish Protest’, in Brian Martin, Shelley Anderson and Janet Larmore (eds) (1991) Nonviolent Struggle and Social Defence (London: War Resisters International) p. 57.
Fritjof Capra (1990) The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism (London: Flamingo) p. 16.
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© 2013 Marty Branagan
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Branagan, M. (2013). Artistic Activism. In: Global Warming, Militarism and Nonviolence. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137010100_6
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