Abstract
December 1935 was a low point for Boston teachers when Boston newspapers reported that new teachers had to pay a bribe to get a job in the schools. That same year the School Committee assigned teacher trainees called “cadets” to regular positions to save on salaries. Teachers were in no position to protest, for they never agreed on a single teacher organization that might articulate their concerns. Over the centuries Boston teachers spoke up for better working conditions and the right to select textbooks for children. Elected officials occasionally listened to their voices. But not until the 1965 public employee bargaining law could teachers collectively negotiate their compensation, teaching conditions, and professional rights.
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Notes
James W. Fraser, “Agents of Democracy,” in Donald Warren, editor, American Teachers: History of a Profession at Work (New York, 1989), 128–143.
Richard Freeland, Academia’s Golden Age (New York, 1992).
Sam Barnes in James W. Fraser, From Common School to Magnet School (Boston, 1979), 100.
Marjorie Murphey, Blackboard Unions (Ithaca, 1992), 34, 45
and Nancy Hoffman, Woman’s True Profession (Westbury, NY, 1981).
James W. Fraser, “Mayor John F. Fitzgerald and Boston’s Schools, 1905–1913,” Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Vol. XII, June 1984, 2.
Sarah Deutch, Women and the City (New York, 2000). 11.
Richard Brown and Jack Tager, Massachusetts: A Concise History (Amherst, 2001), 256.
John Dewey, The School in Society, 1899
excerpted in James W. Fraser, The School in the United States (Boston, 2001).
Also see also Raymond Callahan, Education and the Cult of Effaciency (Chicago, 1962).
Phillip Marson, A Teacher Speaks (New York, 1960), 131.
George D. Strayer, “Report of a Survey of the Public Schools of Boston, Massachusetts.” (Boston, 1944), 76.
Ibid., 60 and John A. Farrell, Tip O Neil and the Democratic Century (Boston, 1999), 102, 114.
Boston Teachers Alliance Bulletin, October 1949.
Myron Lieberman, The Future of Public Education (Chicago, 1960), VIII.
Alan Rosenthal, “Pedagogues and Power,” in Marilyn Gittell, editor, Educating an Urban Population (Beverly Hills, 1967), 204.
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© 2008 Joseph Marr Cronin
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Cronin, J.M. (2008). Boston Teachers Express Their Voices (1920–65). In: Reforming Boston Schools, 1930 to the Present. Palgrave Studies in Urban Education. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230611092_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230611092_3
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