Abstract
In July 2005, Australian novelist Kate Grenville was invited by Radio National’s Books and Writing programme to talk about The Secret River, her latest novel loosely based on the life of her ancestor Solomon Wiseman, who had been transported to the penal colony of New South Wales in 1817 and later settled on the Hawkesbury River.1 The show’s host, Ramona Koval, congratulated Grenville on the poetic tone and language of her narrative and praised the text as ‘a wonderful and disturbing novel, full of detail about life and work in the colony … and daring descriptions of the land and the strangeness of the encounters between black and white people’.2 Grenville, in turn, read a passage from the book and reflected comprehensively on what had motivated her to write it. Then came Koval’s final question and Grenville’s reply which would irritate and preoccupy the country’s historians for months to come: ‘So, where would you slot your book’, Koval had enquired, ‘if you were laying out books on the history wars? Whereabouts would you slot yours?’ Australia’s ‘history wars’, heated debates among historians and public intellectuals over the nature of the country’s colonial legacy,3 had over the previous decade caused a deep rift between the so-called black armband historians on the political left and conservative scholars accused of wearing a ‘white blindfold’4 on the right.
What might have been is an abstraction Remaining a perpetual possibility Only in a world of speculation. What might have been and what has been Point to one end, which is always present. Footfalls echo in the memory Down the passage which we did not take Towards the door we never opened Into the rose-garden.
—T.S. Eliot ‘Burnt Norton’. Four Quartets
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Notes
K. Grenville (2005) The Secret River (Melbourne: Text Publishing).
For an accessible summary of the debate, see S. Macintyre and A. Clark (2003) The History Wars (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press).
Henry Reynolds quoted in B. Attwood and S. G. Foster (eds) (2003) Frontier Conflict: The Australian Experience (Canberra: National Museum of Australia), p. 16.
I. Clendinnen (2006) ‘The History Question’, Quarterly Essay, 23, p. 16.
K. Grenville (2007) ‘Response: The History Question’, Quarterly Essay, 25, p. 70.
J. Hirst (2005) Sense and Nonsense in Australian History (Melbourne: Black Inc.), p. 87.
T. Hunt (2006) ‘Reality, Identity and Empathy: The Changing Face of Social History Television’, Journal of Social History, 39:3, p. 852.
See T. Gronberg (2001) ‘Siting the Mordern’, Journal of Contemporary History, 36:4, p. 687.
V. Agnew (2004) ‘Introduction: What is Re-enactment?’, Criticism, 46:3, pp. 327–39
A. Cook (2004) ‘The Use and Abuse of Historical Re-enactment: Thoughts on Recent Trends in Public History’, Criticism, 46:3, pp. 487–96
I. McCalman (2004) ‘The Little Ship of Horrors: Reenacting Extreme History’, Criticism, 46:3, pp. 477–86.
V. Agnew (2007) ‘History’s Affective Turn: Historical Re-enactment and its Work in the Present’, Rethinking History, 11:3, pp. 301–2.
M. Arrow (2007) ‘“That History should not have ever been How It was”: The Colony, Outback House and Australian History’, Film & History, 37:1, pp. 54–66
J. W. Scott (1991) ‘The Evidence of Experience’, Critical Inquiry, 17:4, pp. 773–97.
F. Rokem (2000) Performing History: Theatrical Representations of the Past in Contemporary Theatre (Iowa: University of Iowa Press), p. 13.
M. Sturken (1997) ‘Re-enactment, Fantasy, and the Paranoia of History: Oliver Stone’s Docudramas’, History and Theory, 36:4, p. 68.
M. Foucault (1977) ‘Nietzsche, Genealogy, History’ in Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, (ed.) Donald F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press), p. 148.
I. Baucom (1999) Out of Place: Englishness, Empire and the Locations of Identity (Princeton: Princeton University Press), especially pp. 164–89
P. Gilroy (2004) After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture? (London: Routledge), especially pp. 95–132.
A. Huyssen (2000) ‘Present Pasts: Media, Politics, Amnesia’, Public Culture, 12:1, p. 25.
K. Grenville ‘First Person’, Guardian (18 February 2006), p. 3. See also K. Grenville (2006) Searching for The Secret River (Melbourne: Text Publishing), especially Chapters 2, 4 and 13.
McKenna, ‘Writing the Past’. Interestingly, this claim extends to include himself and Clendinnen, who have both recently published their own interpretations of the country’s colonial past. See also E. Collins (2006) ‘Poison in the Flour’, Meanjin, 65:1, p. 40.
McKenna, ‘Writing the Past’. Foucault considers confession ‘as one of the West’s most highly valued techniques for producing truth’. See M. Foucault (1990 [1976]) The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, vol. 1 (New York: Vintage Books), p. 59.
Collins, ‘Poison in the Flour’, p. 40. See also S. Kossew (2007) ‘Voicing the “Great Australian Silence”: Kate Grenville’s Narrative of Settlement in The Secret River’, The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 42:7, p. 17.
In developing the notion of ‘re-fixing’, Elder draws on A. Cerwonka (2004) Native to the Nation: Disciplining Landscapes and Bodies in Australia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press), p. 3.
I. Reid (2002) ‘Marking the Unmarked: An Epitaphic Preoccupation in Nineteenth-Century Australian Poetry’, Victorian Poetry, 40:1, p. 10.
See F. Nietzsche (1990) ‘History in the Service and Disservice of Life’ in Unmodern Observations, (ed.) W. Arrowsmith (New Haven: Yale University Press), pp. 87–145.
P. Hulme (1986) Colonial Encounters. Europe and the Native Caribbean 1492–1797 (London; New York: Methuen), p. 193.
C. P. Freund (1999) ‘Spilt History’, Reason, 31:7, p. 50.
D. Merwick (1999) Death of a Notary: Conquest and Change in Colonial New York (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).
For a review of Merwick’s book that supports this reading, see M. B. Norton (2000) ‘Review: Death of a Notary: Conquest and Change in Colonial New York’, The William and Mary Quarterly, 57: 4, pp. 852–55.
R. W. Fogel (1964) Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Econometric History (Baltimore: John Hopkins Press).
N. Ferguson (1999) Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals (New York: Basic Books).
Ferguson quoted in K. Jenkins (2001) ‘Review’ Niall Ferguson, (ed.) Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals. London: Picador
E. P. Thompson (1978) The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays (London: Merlin Press), p. 100.
As Gavriel Rosenfeld explains, alternate history traces its roots back to the first allohistorical novels published in post-Napoleonic France. Like counterfactual history and re-enactments, the genre became increasingly popular in the decades after 1960. See G. Rosenfeld (2002) ‘Why Do We Ask “What If?”: Reflections on the Functions of Alternate History’, History and Theory, 41, p. 92.
K. Hellekson (2001) The Alternate History: Refiguring Historical Time (Kent: Kent State University Press), p. 3.
Ibid., p. 34. See also K. Hellekson (2000) ‘Towards a Taxonomy of the Alternate History Genre’, Extrapolations, 41, pp. 248–56.
I discuss the employment of the gothic mode in another television re-enactment in A. Schwarz (2007) ‘“Not This Year!” Reenacting Contested Pasts Aboard The Ship’, Rethinking History, 11:3, pp. 427–46.
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© 2010 Anja Schwarz
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Schwarz, A. (2010). ‘…Just as It would have been in 1861’: Stuttering Colonial Beginnings in ABC’s Outback House. In: McCalman, I., Pickering, P.A. (eds) Historical Reenactment. Reenactment History. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230277090_2
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