Abstract
On May 20, 1998, Suharto resigned from office after 32 years in office, leaving his vice president, BJ Habibie, to govern the country. Facing demonstrations and without a strong following from the military, Habibie initiated a process of political liberalization to accommodate the demand for reform. Islamists, in particular, used this newfound political openness to mobilize to achieve their politico-religious goals through newly available channels. They established political parties, civil society organizations, media publications, and umbrella organizations to coordinate activities among dozens of like-minded groups.
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Notes
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© 2009 Julie Chernov Hwang
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Hwang, J.C. (2009). The Incredible Indonesian Journey: Aspiring beyond the Ineffective Participatory State. In: Peaceful Islamist Mobilization in the Muslim World. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230100114_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230100114_4
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