Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Black Collegians’ Experiences in US Northern Private Colleges

  • 211 Accesses

Abstract

The introduction explores the social and cultural context of this study, including the historical development of the Great Lakes region and particularly the Northwest Territory and its significance in US racial history; civil rights legislation and Black education in the northern USA; and the development of the institutions that would form the Great Lakes Colleges Association.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alridge, D. P. (2007). Of victorianism, civilizationism, and progressivism: The educational ideals of W. E. B. DuBois and Anna Julia Cooper, 1892–1940. History of Education Quarterly, 47(4), 416–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. D. (1993). Race, meritocracy, and the American academy during the immediate post-World War II era. History of Education Quarterly, 33, 151–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ballard, A. B. (1973). The education of Black folk: The Afro-American struggle for knowledge in White America. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballard, A. B. (2011). Breaching Jericho’s walls: A twentieth-century African American life. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumann, R. M. (2010). Constructing Black education at Oberlin College: A documentary history. Athens: Ohio University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beals, M. P. (1995). Warriors don’t cry: The searing memoir of the battle to integrate Little Rock’s Central High. New York, NY: Washington Square Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown III, M. C., & Davis, J. E. (2001). The historically Black college as social contract, social capital, and social equalizer. Peabody Journal of Education, 76, 31–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, N. K. (2012, July 9). How did blacks travel during segregation?The Root. Retrieved from http://www.theroot.com/print/64178

  • Chase, S. P. (Ed.). (1833). The statutes of Ohio and of the Northwestern Territory adopted or enacted from 1788 to 1833 inclusive: Together with the Ordinance of 1787; The constitutions of Ohio and of the United States, and various public instruments and acts of Congress: Illustrated by a preliminary sketch of the history of Ohio; numerous references and notes, and copious indexes (Vol. 1). Cincinnati, OH: Corey & Fairbank. Center for Archival Collections, Bowling Green State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, E. C. (1992). The schoolhouse door: Segregation’s last stand at the University of Alabama. Oxford: Oxford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clotfelter, C. T. (2004). After Brown: The rise and retreat of school desegregation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalfiume, R. M. (1970). Stirrings of revolt. In A. Weinstein & F. O. Gatell (Eds.), The segregation era, 1863–1954: A modern reader (pp. 235–247). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison, D. M. (1997). Foreword. In P. Murray (Ed.), States’ laws on race and color (pp. xiii–xxvii). Athens: University of Georgia Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/

  • Day, J. K. (2014). The Southern Manifesto: Massive resistance and the fight to preserve segregation. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2012). Critical race theory: An introduction (2nd ed.). New York: New York University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donohue III, J. J., Heckman, J. J., & Todd, P. E. (2002). The schooling of southern Blacks: The roles of legal activism and private philanthropy, 1910–1960. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1), 225–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, W. (2003). An American insurrection: James Meredith and the battle of Oxford, Mississippi. New York, NY: Anchor Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, S. Y. (2007). Black women in the ivory tower, 1850–1954. Gainesville: University of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelman, P. (2006, April 27). The surprising history of race and law in Michigan. Michigan Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved from http://www.micourthistory.org/historical-vignettes/

  • Franklin, V. P. (1979). The education of Black Philadelphia: The social and educational history of a minority community, 1900–1950. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates Jr., H. L. (2013). Life upon these shores: Looking at African American history, 1513–2008. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, V. H. (1947). The Negro motorist Green book. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. Retrieved from digitalcollections.nypl.org

  • Green, V. H. (1949). The Negro motorist Green book. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. Retrieved from digitalcollections.nypl.org

  • Green, V. H. (1956). The Negro motorist Green book. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. Retrieved from digitalcollections.nypl.org

  • Green, V. H. (1963). The Negro motorist Green book. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. Retrieved from digitalcollections.nypl.org

  • Griffin, G., Csete, J., Moerdyk, R. A., & Limer, C. (1983). Emancipated spirits: Portraits of Kalamazoo College women. Kalamazoo, MI: Kalamazoo College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gumport, P. J., Iannozzi, M., Shaman, S., & Zemsky, R. (1997). Trends in United States higher education from massification to post massification. National Center for Postsecondary Improvement. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. Retrieved from http://web.stanford.edu/group/ncpi/documents/pdfs/1-04_massification.pdf

  • Hamm, T. D. (1997). Earlham college: A history, 1847–1997. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, V. (1981). There is a river: The Black struggle for freedom in America. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. I. (1993). Whiteness as property. Harvard Law Review, 106, 1707–1791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harro, B. (2010). The cycle of socialization. In M. Adams, W. J. Blumenfeld, C. R. Castañeda, H. W. Hackman, M. L. Peters, & X. Zúñiga (Eds.), Readings for diversity and social justice (2nd ed., pp. 45–51). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hershock, M. J. (2003). The paradox of progress: Economic change, individual enterprise, and political culture in Michigan, 1837–1878. Athens: Ohio University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horse Capture Sr., G. P. (2010). Chapter four: The plains. In A. Truer, K. Wood, W. W. Fitzhugh, G. P. Horse Capture, T. L. Frazier, M. R. Miller, M. Belarde-Lewis, & J. Norwood (Eds.), Indian nations of North America (pp. 142–193). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter-Gault, C. (1992). In my place. New York, NY: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter-Gault, C. (2014). To the mountaintop: My journey through the Civil Rights Movement. New York, NY: Square Fish.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutcheson, P., Gasman, M., & Sanders-McMurtry, K. (2011). Race and equality in the academy: Rethinking higher education actors and the struggle for equality in the post-World War II period. Journal of Higher Education, 82(2), 121–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katznelson, I., & Mettler, S. (2008). On race and policy history: A dialogue about the G. I. Bill. Perspectives on politics, 6(3), 519–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, C. S. (1993). My life with Martin Luther King, Jr (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Henry Holt & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. S. (2003). Fire in my soul: Eleanor Holmes Norton. New York, NY: Atria Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindley, H., Schneider, N. F., &Quaife, M. M. (1937). History of the ordinance of 1787 and the Old Northwest Territory (A supplemental text for school use). Marietta, OH: Northwest Territory Celebration Commission. Folder pOG 1113. Center for Archival Collections, Bowling Green State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • List of Jim Crow law examples by state. (2016, May 18). Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jim_Crow_law_examples_by_state

  • Little, M. H. (2002). The extra-curricular activities of Black college students, 1868–1940. Journal of African American History, 87, 43–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, B. T. (2013). Supporting access to higher education. In M. J. Bailey & S. Danziger (Eds.), Legacies of the war on poverty, The national poverty center series on poverty and public policy (pp. 93–120). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee, C. (2010, August 22). The open road wasn’t quite open to all. The New York Times [digital reprint]. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

  • Meredith, J., & Doyle, W. (2012). A mission from God: A memoir and challenge for America. New York, NY: Atria Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michigan, State of. (1885). Public acts and joint and concurrent resolutions of the legislature of the state of Michigan, passed at the regular session of 1885, with an appendix. Lansing, MI: W. S. George & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, L. (1970). Very deliberate speed. In A. Weinstein & F. O. Gatell (Eds.), The segregation era, 1863–1954: A modern reader (pp. 280–293). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minor, J. T. (2004). Decision making in historically Black colleges and universities: Defining the governance context. Journal of Negro Education, 73(1), 40–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, P. (1997). States’ laws on race and color. Athens: University of Georgia Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com. (Originally published in 1951).

  • Novick, P. (1998). That noble dream: The “objectivity question” and the American historical profession. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogletree, C. (2004). All deliberate speed: Reflections on the first half century of Brown v. Board of Education. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959. (n.d.). Ohio history central. Ohio History Connection. Retrieved from http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Ohio_Civil_Rights_Act_of_1959

  • Onkst, D. H. (1998). “First a Negro…incidentally a veteran”: Black World War Two veterans and the G. I. Bill of Rights in the deep south, 1944–1948. Journal of Social History, 31(3), 517–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, L. M. (1993). The role of education in the development of Black feminist thought, 1860–1920. History of Education, 22, 265–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plaut, R. L. (1954). Racial integration in higher education in the North. The Journal of Negro Education, 23, 310–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Report of proceedings in Congress, Wednesday, Feb. 21, 1787. (1787, February 21). Avalon project. Yale University College of Law. Retrieved May 20, 2016 from avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/const04.asp

  • Rooks, N. M. (2006). White money/Black power: The surprising history of African American studies and the crisis of race in higher education. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roosevelt, T. (1957). The Northwest territory, 1787–1790. Fort Wayne, IN: Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County. (Originally published in 1896). Folder pOG 3088. Center for Archival Collections, Bowling Green State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudolph, F. (1990). The American college and university: A history (2nd ed.). Athens: University of Georgia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders-McMurty, K. (2007). “Linked together in service”: A history of education and philanthropy among the Black elite: The Links, Incorporated, 1946–1996. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Atlanta: Georgia State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayre, N. (1995). Previous convictions: A journey through the 1950s. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serow, R. C. (2004). Policy as symbol: Title II of the 1994 G. I. Bill. The Review of Higher Education, 27(4), 481–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Switala, W. J. (2001/2008). Underground railroad in Pennsylvania. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thelin, J. R. (2011). A history of American higher education (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Treuer, A. (2010). Chapter one: The northeast. In A. Truer, K. Wood, W. W. Fitzhugh, G. P. Horse Capture, T. L. Frazier, M. R. Miller, M. Belarde-Lewis, & J. Norwood (Eds.), Indian nations of North America (pp. 16–63). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, S., & Bound, J. (2003). Closing the gap or widening the divide: The effects of the G.I. Bill and World War II on the educational outcomes of Black Americans. Journal of Economic History, 63(1), 145–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waite, C. L. (2001). The segregation of Black students at Oberlin College after reconstruction. History of Education Quarterly, 41, 344–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, S. (1990, October). The Black behind the black and gold. Retrieved August 27, 2010, from http://www.depauw.edu/library/archives/find/articles/warren.html

  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1966). Physical integration and social segregation of northern Negro college students. Paper presented at the Eastern Psychological Association conference. ERIC Document Retrieval Service no. ED 025568.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA

    Dafina-Lazarus Stewart

Authors
  1. Dafina-Lazarus Stewart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stewart, DL. (2017). Introduction. In: Black Collegians’ Experiences in US Northern Private Colleges. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59077-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59077-0_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-59076-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-59077-0

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation