Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bologna Objectives and Their Fulfilment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
European Policy Implementation and Higher Education

Part of the book series: Issues in Higher Education ((IHIGHER))

  • 510 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the European agenda driving policy change. The idea of a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) was initially linked to the enlargement of the European Union to include Central and Eastern European countries. The central political purpose of the EHEA, as expressed in the Bologna Declaration, was to ensure greater compatibility and comparability between European higher education systems, aiming to fulfil the three overarching objectives of the Bologna Process: employability, mobility and international attractiveness of European higher education. The argument developed is that the objectives to be met are associated with the establishment of structures, routines, standards, shared meanings and resources, which are key to the achievement of the objectives, and that these objectives are also influenced by the interaction between different levels of political coordination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Berlin Communiqué. (2003). Realising the European Higher Education Area. Conference of Ministers responsible for higher education, Berlin, 19 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucarest Communiqué. (2012). Making the most of our potential: Consolidating the European Higher Education Area. Conference of Ministers responsible for higher education, Bucharest, 26–27 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHEPS and INCHER-Kassel and ECOTEC consortium. (2010). The Bologna Process independent assessment—The first decade of working on the European Higher Education Area. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbett, A. (2005). Universities and the Europe of knowledge: Ideas, institutions and policy entrepreneurship in European Union higher education, 1955–2005. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Curaj, A., Scott, P., Lazar, V., & Wilson, L. (Eds.). (2012). European higher education at the crossroads—Between the Bologna Process and national reforms (Vol. 1 and 2). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • ESU. (2015). Bologna with student eyes. Brussels: ESU.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (1991). Memorandum on higher education in the European Community, COM(91) 349 final. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice. (2015). The European Higher Education Area in 2015: Bologna Process implementation report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Council. (2000). Conclusions of the Presidency. Lisbon European Council 23–24 March. Retrieved 28 December 2015, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/lis1_en.htm

  • Gornitzka, Ã…. (2010). Bologna in Context: A horizontal perspective on the dynamics of governance sites for a Europe of knowledge. European Journal of Education, 45(4), 535–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huisman, J., & van der Wende, M. (2004). Europe. In J. Huisman & M. van der Wende (Eds.), On cooperation and competition (pp. 17–49). Bonn: Lemmens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kehm, B., Huisman, J., & Stensaker, B. (Eds.). (2009). The European Higher Education Area: Perspectives on a moving target. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maassen, P., & Stensaker, B. (2011). The knowledge triangle, European higher education policy logics and policy implications. Higher Education, 61(6), 757–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magalhães, A., & Veiga, A. (2013). What about education in higher education? In L. Smith (Ed.), Higher education: Recent trends, emerging issues and future outlook (pp. 57–72). New York: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magalhães, A., Veiga, A., Ribeiro, F., Sousa, S., & Santiago, R. (2013). Creating a common grammar for European higher education governance. Higher Education, 65(1), 95–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magalhães, A., Veiga, A., Sousa, S., & Ribeiro, F. (2012). How is European governance configuring the EHEA? European Journal of Higher Education, 2(2–3), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marçal Grilo, E. (2003). European higher education society. Tertiary Education and Management, 9(1), 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moscati, R. (2009). The implementation of Bologna process in Italy. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European integration and the governance of higher education and research (pp. 207–225). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Neave, G. (2009). The Bologna Process as alpha or omega, or, an interpreting history and context as inputs to Bologna, Prague, Berlin and beyond. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European integration and the governance of higher education (pp. 17–58). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Neave, G., & Veiga, A. (2013). The Bologna process: Inception, ‘take up’ and familiarity. Higher Education, 66(1), 59–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, J. P. (2001). Organizing European institutions of governance… A Prelude to an institutional account of political integration. In H. Wallace (Ed.), Interlocking dimensions of European integration (pp. 323–353). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sursock, A. (2015). Trends 2015: Learning and teaching in European Universities. Brussels: European University Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schomburg, H., & Teichler, U. (2011). Employability and Mobility of Bachelor Graduates in Europe: Key Results of the Bologna Process. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudder, H. (2010). Mission accomplished? Which mission? The ‘Bologna process’—A view from Germany. Higher Education Review, 43(1), 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomusk, V. (2004). The open world and closed societies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Vällima, J., Hoffman, D., & Huusko, M. (2006). The Bologna Process in Finland: Perspectives from the basic units. In V. Tomusk (Ed.), Creating the European Area of Higher Education—Voices from the periphery (pp. 43–67). Dordrechet: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Veiga, A. (2010). Bologna and the institutionalisation of European Higher Education Area. Doctoral dissertation (2 vols.), Universidade do Porto, Porto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veiga, A. (2012). Bologna 2010. The moment of truth? European Journal of Education, 47(3), 378–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veiga, A. (2014). Researching the Bologna Process through the lens of the policy cycle. In A. Teodoro & M. Guilherme (Eds.), European and Latin American higher education between mirrors (pp. 91–108). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Veiga, A., & Amaral, A. (2009a). Policy implementation tools and European governance. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European integration and the governance of higher education and research (pp. 133–157). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Veiga, A., & Amaral, A. (2009b). Survey on the implementation of the Bologna process in Portugal. Higher Education, 57(1), 57–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veiga, A., & Amaral, A. (2012). Soft Law and the implementation problems of the Bologna Process. Educação Sociedade & Culturas, 36, 121–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veiga, A., Magalhães, A., & Amaral, A. (2015). Differentiated integration and the Bologna Process. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 11(1), 84–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wastl-Walter, D., & Wintzer, J. (2012). Rethinking postgraduate education in Europe: Bologna and its implications for geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 36(1), 35–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wit, K. D., & Verhoeven, J. C. (2001). The higher education policy of the European Union: With or against the member states? In J. Huisman, P. Maassen, & G. Neave (Eds.), Higher education and the nation state: The international dimension of higher education (pp. 175–231). Oxford: Elsevier Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witte, J. (2006). Change of degrees and degrees of change: comparing adaptations of European Higher Education Systems in the Context of the Bologna Process. Doctoral Thesis: University of Twente, Enschede.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittrock, B., & de Leon, P. (1985). Policy as a moving target: A call for conceptual realism. California: The Rand Paper Series.

    Google Scholar 

  • Working Group on Employability. (2009). Report to Ministers Bologna Conference, Leuven/Louvain-la-Neuve, 28–29 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yerevan Communiqué. (2015). Yerevan Communiqué. Conference of Ministers responsible for higher education, Yerevan, 14–15 May.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIPES, Matosinhos, Portugal

    Cristina Sin, Amélia Veiga & Alberto Amaral

Authors
  1. Cristina Sin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amélia Veiga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alberto Amaral
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sin, C., Veiga, A., Amaral, A. (2016). Bologna Objectives and Their Fulfilment. In: European Policy Implementation and Higher Education. Issues in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50462-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50462-3_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-50461-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-50462-3

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation