Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The dynamic mechanical properties of high polymers at low temperatures

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Fortschritte Der Hochpolymeren-Forschung

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 1/1))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Alfrey jr., T., N. Wiederhorn, R. Stein and A. Tobolsky: Some studies of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. J. Colloid Sci. 4, 211–227 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Baccaredda, M., and E. Butta: Sound velocity, Young's modulus and transition temperature in polythenes with different degree of crystallinity. J. Polymer Sci. 22, 217–222 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Becker, G.W.: Mechanische Relaxationserscheinungen in nichtweichgemachten hochpolymeren Kunststoffen. Kolloid-Z. 140, 1–31 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. -, u. H. Oberst: über das dynamisch-elastische Verhalten von Polyamiden und Polyurethanen in Abhängigkeit von Frequenz, Temperatur und Wassergehalt. Kolloid-Z. 152, 1–8 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Beckett, C. W., K. S. Pitzer and R. Spitzer: The thermodynamic properties and molecular structure of cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane and the seven dimethylcyclohexanes. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 69, 2488–2495 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Blanchette, J. A., and L. E. Nielsen: Characterization of Graft Copolymers. J. Polymer Sci. 20, 317–325 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brill, R. J.: über das Verhalten von Polyamiden beim Erhitzen. J. prakt. Chem. 161, 49–64 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Buchdahl, R., and L. E. Nielsen: Multiple dispersion regions in rigid polymeric Systems. J. Polymer Sci. 15, 1–7 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Butta, E.: Sound velocity and damping in Ziegler polyethylene. J. Polymer Sci. 25, 239–242 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Charlesby, A.: Cross-linking of polythene by pile radiation. Proc. roy. Soc. A 215, 187–214 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  11. -: Effect of high-energy radiation on long-chain polymers. Nature (Lond.) 171, 167 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. -, and N. H. Hancock: The effect of cross-linking on the elastic modulus of polythene. Proc. roy. Soc. A 218, 245–255 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  13. -, and M. Ross: The effect of cross-linking on the density and melting of polythene. Proc. roy. Soc. A 217, 122–135 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Child jr., W. C., and J. D. Ferry: Dynamic mechanical properties of polyn-butyl methacrylate. J. Colloid Sci. 12, 327–341 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chipiro, A.: Action des rayons γ sur les polymères à l'état solide. J. Chim. phys. 52, 246–257 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Deeley, C. W., D. E. Kline, J. A. Sauer and A. E. Woodward: Effect of pile irradiation on the dynamic mechanical properties of polyethylene. J. Polymer Sci. 28, 109–120 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. -, A. E. Woodward and J. A. Sauer: Effect of irradiation on dynamic mechanical properties of 6-6 nylon. J. appl. Phys. 28, 1124–1130 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Deutsch, K., E. A. W. Hoff and W. Reddish: Relation between the structure of polymers and their dynamic mechanical and electrical properties. Part I. Some alpha-substituted acrylic ester polymers. J. Polymer Sci. 13, 565–581 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dunell, B. A., and S. J. W. Price: Dispersion of mechanical properties of viscose rayon at low temperature. J. Polymer Sci. 18, 305–306 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ferry, J. D.: Mechanical properties of substances of high molecular weight. VI. Dispersion in concentrated polymer solutions and its dependence on temperature and concentration. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 72, 3746–3752 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. -: Structure and mechanical properties of plastics. Die Physik der Hochpolymeren. 4. Band, pp. 373–419. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  22. -, W. C. Child jr., R. Zand, D. M. Stern, M. L. Williams and R. F. Landel: Dynamic mechanical properties of polyethyl methacrylate. J. Colloid Sci. 12, 53–67 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. -, L. D. Grandine jr. and E. R. Fitzgerald: The relaxation distribution function of polyisobutylene in the transition from rubber-like to glass-like behavior. J. appl. Phys. 24, 911–916 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fitzgerald, E. R.: Mechanical resonance dispersion in crystalline polymers at audio-frequencies. J. chem. Phys. 27, 1180–1193 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. -, L. D. Grandine jr., and J. D. Ferry: Dynamic mechanical properties of polyisobutylene. J. appl. Phys. 24, 650–655 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fukada, E.: On the relation between creep and vibrational loss of polymethyl methacrylate. J. Phys. Soc. Japan 6, 254–256 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  27. -: The relation between dynamic elastic modulus, internal friction, creep and stress relaxation in polymethyl methacrylate. J. Phys. Soc. Japan 9, 786–789 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fuoss, R. M.: Electrical properties of solids. VI. Dipole rotation in high polymers. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 63, 369–378 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hartmann, A.: über die Wechselwirkung zwischen Polyvinyl-Chlorid und Weichmachern. Kolloid-Z. 148, 30–36 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Heijboer, J.: Molekulare Deutung sekundärer Dämpfungsmaxima-Bewegungen von Atomgruppen in Polymethacrylaten im Glaszustand. Kolloid-Z. 148, 36–46 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. -, P. Dekking and A. J. Staverman: The secondary maximum in the mechanical damping of polymethyl methacrylate: Influence of temperature and chemical modification. Proc. 2d Intern. Congr. Rheology (1953), pp. 123–132 London: Butterworth 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hellwege, K. H., R. Kaiser u. K. Kuphal: Kristallinität und mechanische Dämpfung von Polyäthylenen. Kolloid-Z. 147, 155–156 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hoff, E. A. W., D. W. Robinson and A. H. Willbourn: Relation between the structure of polymers and their dynamic mechanical and electrical properties. Part II. Glassy state mechanical dispersions in acrylic polymers. J. Polymer Sci. 18, 161–175 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Iwayanagi, S.: Dynamical measurements on the viscoelasticity of polymethyl acrylate. J. Sci. Res. Inst. (Tokyo) 49, 13–22 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. -: On the viscoelastic properties of linear amorphous polymers in relation to their molecular structure (polymethyl methacrylate and acrylate). J. Sci. Res. Inst. (Tokyo) 49, 23–34 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Iwayanagi, S., and T. Hideshima: Low frequency coupled oscillator and its application to high polymer study. J. Phys. Soc. (Japan) 8, 365–368 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. --: Dynamical study on the secondary anomalous absorption region of polymethyl methacrylate. J. Phys. Soc. (Japan) 8, 368–371 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Jenckel, Ernst: Zur Schwingungsdämpfung an Hochpolymeren. Kolloid-Z. 136, 142–152 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. -, u. H. U. Herwig: Schwingungsdämpfung und Einfriertemperaturen in Mischpolymerisaten, Polymerisatgemischen und Lösungen. Kolloid-Z. 148, 57–66 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. -, u. K.-H. Illers: über die Temperaturabhängigkeit der inneren Dämpfung von weichgemachtem Polymethacrylsäuremethylester. Z. Naturforsch. 9 A, 440–450 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kabin, S. P.: On the dynamic mechanical properties of polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene. Zh. Tech. Fiz. USSR 26, 2628–2632 (1956). (In Russian).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. -, and G. D. Mikhailov: Mechanical and dielectric losses of polyisobutylene. Zh. tekh. Fiz. USSR 26, 511–515 (1956). (In Russian).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Karpovich, J.: Investigation of rotational isomers with ultra-sound. J. chem. Phys. 22, 1767–1773 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kawaguchi, T.: The dielectric and dynamic mechanical properties of polycaproamide. Chem. High Polymers (Japan) 13, 283–287 (1956). (In Russian).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kline, D. E., J. A. Sauer and A. E. Woodward: Effect of branching on dynamic mechanical properties of polyethylene. J. Polymer Sci. 22, 455–462 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Krishnamurthi, M., and S. Sastry: Transition temperature of polymers at ultrasonic frequencies. Nature (Lond.) 174, 132–133 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lawton, E. J., A. M. Bueche and J. S. Balwit: Irradiation of polymers by high-energy electrons. Nature (Lond.) 172, 76–77 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. McCrum, N. G.: The low temperature transition in polytetrafluoroethylene. J. Polymer Sci. 27, 555–558 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Maxwell, B.: An investigation of the dynamic mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate. J. Polymer Sci. 20, 551–563 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Merz, E. H., L. E. Nielsen and R. Buchdahl: Influence of molecular weight on the properties of polystyrene. Ind. Engng. Chem. 43, 3196–1401 (1951).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Mikhailov, G. P.: Influence of orientation on dielectric losses of polar polymers. Zhur. Tekh. Fiz. USSR 21, 1395–1401 (1951). (In Russian).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Mikhailov, I. G., and I. G. Solov'ev: Investigation of the mechanical properties of polyethylene and paraffin by the composite dipole method. J. Acoustics (USSR) 3, 65–73 (1957). (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Nielsen, L. E.: Effect of crystallinity on the dynamic mechanical properties of polyethylenes. J. appl. Phys. 25, 1209–1212 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Oakes, W. G., and D. W. Robinson: Dynamic electrical and mechanical properties of polyethylene over a wide temperature range. J. Polymer Sci. 14, 505–507 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Pierce jr., R. H. H., E. S. Clark, J. F. Whitney and W. M. D. Bryant: Crystal structure of polytetrafluoroethylene. Paper presented before the Division of Polymer Chemistry at the 130th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, N. J., Sept. 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Sauer, J. A., N. Fuschillo, C. W. Deeley and A. E. Woodward: Segmental motion in polymers below 200‡ K. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Temperature Chemistry and Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, September 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Sauer, J. A., and D. E. Kline: Dynamic mechanical properties of polystyrene, polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene at low temperatures. J. Polymer Sci. 18, 491–495 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. --: Relaxation properties of high polymers. International Congress of Applied Mechanics, Brussels, Belgium. September 1956. Vol. 5, pp. 368–1957.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Schmieder, K., u. K. Wolf: über die Temperatur-und Frequenzabhängigkeit des mechanischen Verhaltens einiger hochpolymeren Stoffe. Kolloid-Z. 127, 65–78 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. --: Mechanische Relaxationserscheinungen an Hochpolymeren (Beziehungen zur Struktur). Kolloid-Z. 134, 149–184 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Schulz, A. K.: Sur la relaxation méchanique des matières plastiques. J. Chim. phys. 53, 933–938 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Sinnot, K. M.: An apparatus for the measurement of torsion modulus and internal friction between 4.2 and 100‡ K. Paper presented before the High Polymer Division of the American Physical Society, March 1958, Chicago, Illinois. To be published.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Subrahmangam, S. V.: Temperature dependence of ultrasonic velocity in plastics. J. chem. Phys. 22, 1562–1653 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Till jr., P. H.: The growth of single crystals of linear polyethylene. J. Polymer Sci. 24, 301–306 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Thomas, D. A., and D. W. Robinson: Some dynamic mechanical properties of polyisobutylene over a wide temperature range. Brit. J. appl. Phys. 6, 41–43 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Thompson, A. B., and D. W. Woods: The transitions of polyethylene terephthalate. Trans Faraday. Soc. 52, 1383–1397 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Thurn, H.: Dielektrizitätskonstante und mechanische Verluste bei Hochpolymeren. Z. angew. Phys. 7, 44–47 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. -, u. K. Wolf: Vergleichende dielektrische und Ultraschall-Messungen bei 2 · 106 hz an Polyvinylestern, Polyacrylestern und Polyvinyläthern. Kolloid-Z. 148, 16–30 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Treloar, L. R. G.: The structure and mechanical properties of rubberlike materials. Die Physik der Hochpolymeren. 4. Band, pp. 294–372. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Wada, Y., and K. Yamamoto: Temperature dependence of velocity and attentuation of ultrasonic waves in high polymers. J. Phys. Soc. Japan 11, 887–892 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Walter, A. T.: Elastic properties of polyvinyl chloride gels. J. Polymer Sci. 13, 207–227 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Wolf, K., and K. Schmieder: Mechanical-thermal transition ranges in partially crystalline macromolecules and their relationship to structure. An extract from the records of the “International Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry”; a supplement to Ric. sci. 25 (1955) (published in USA by Interscience Inc.).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Woods, D. W.: Effect of crystallization on the glass-rubber transition in polyethylene terphthalate filaments. Nature (Lond.) 174, 753–754 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Woodward, A. E., C. W. Deeley, D. E. Kline and J. A. Sauer: Effect of thermal history on the dynamic modulus at 20‡ C of irradiated polyethylene. J. Polymer Sci. 26, 383–386 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. -, J. A. Sauer, C. W. Deeley and D. E. Kline: The dynamic mechanical behavior of some nylons. J. Colloid Sci. 12, 363–377 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Würstlin, F.: Dielektrische Messung der Weichmachung von Polyvinylchlorid. Kolloid-Z. 105, 9–16 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Yamamoto, K., and Y. Wada: Investigation of dynamic mechanical properties of glassy polymers by composite oscillator method. J. Phys. Soc. Japan 12, 374–378 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, USA

    A. E. Woodward & J. A. Sauer

Authors
  1. A. E. Woodward
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. A. Sauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1958 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Woodward, A.E., Sauer, J.A. (1958). The dynamic mechanical properties of high polymers at low temperatures. In: Fortschritte Der Hochpolymeren-Forschung. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 1/1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0050452

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0050452

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-02242-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36888-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation