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Application of Graphene Within Optoelectronic Devices and Transistors

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Applied Spectroscopy and the Science of Nanomaterials

Part of the book series: Progress in Optical Science and Photonics ((POSP,volume 2))

Abstract

Scientists are always yearning for new and exciting ways to unlock graphene’s true potential. However, recent reports suggest this two-dimensional material may harbor some unique properties, making it a viable candidate for use in optoelectronic and semiconducting devices. Whereas on one hand, graphene is highly transparent due to its atomic thickness, the material does exhibit a strong interaction with photons. This has clear advantages over existing materials used in photonic devices such as Indium-based compounds. Moreover, the material can be used to ‘trap’ light and alter the incident wavelength, forming the basis of the plasmonic devices. We also highlight upon graphene’s nonlinear optical response to an applied electric field, and the phenomenon of saturable absorption. Within the context of logical devices, graphene has no discernible band-gap. Therefore, generating one will be of utmost importance. Amongst many others, some existing methods to open this band-gap include chemical doping, deformation of the honeycomb structure, or the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). We shall also discuss various designs of transistors, including those which incorporate CNTs, and others which exploit the idea of quantum tunneling. A key advantage of the CNT transistor is that ballistic transport occurs throughout the CNT channel, with short channel effects being minimized. We shall also discuss recent developments of the graphene tunneling transistor, with emphasis being placed upon its operational mechanism. Finally, we provide perspective for incorporating graphene within high frequency devices, which do not require a pre-defined band-gap.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK

    F. V. Kusmartsev, W. M. Wu & M. P. Pierpoint

  2. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

    K. C. Yung

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  1. F. V. Kusmartsev
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  2. W. M. Wu
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  3. M. P. Pierpoint
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  4. K. C. Yung
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Correspondence to F. V. Kusmartsev .

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  1. Department of Physics & Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Prabhakar Misra

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Kusmartsev, F.V., Wu, W.M., Pierpoint, M.P., Yung, K.C. (2015). Application of Graphene Within Optoelectronic Devices and Transistors. In: Misra, P. (eds) Applied Spectroscopy and the Science of Nanomaterials. Progress in Optical Science and Photonics, vol 2. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-242-5_9

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