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Modified Layered Double Hydroxide for Degradation of Dyes

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Advanced Removal Techniques for Dye-containing Wastewaters

Abstract

Dyes are extensively used in textiles, paper, plastic, cosmetics, leather and other industries. Textile industries are producing pollutants of environmental concern by discharging huge wastewater. World Bank declared that nearly 17–20% of water pollution is coming from the dyeing process to colour the fabric. These dyes have various adverse effects. Abatement of dyes via degradation is preferable over other several reported techniques. Recently, adsorptive degradation of pollutants has been investigated, and materials with dual characteristics are emerging in literature. Among them, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a group of nanosized materials containing both trivalent and divalent cationic layers along with interlayer anions. Various pollutants are used as model compounds to evaluate the catalytic behaviour of the modified LDHs. We run through the performance of modified LDH as the catalyst for the degradation of diverse dyes and their mechanism. They mostly serve as photocatalyst, and their band gap energy favours the visible spectrum of light as an optical energy source. Modified LDHs show improved efficiency than other catalysts. They show high percentage degradation efficiency (DE %) up to 70–90% and are reusable up to 3–5 runs.

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Abbreviations

AAS:

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ABTS:

2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid

AC:

Activated Carbon

AO 7:

Acid orange 7

AR 14:

Acid Red 14

AR 87:

Acid Red 87

BET:

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method

BJH:

Brunauer-Joyner-Hallenda method

BPA:

Bisphenol A

CN-25:

N-doped graphitic carbon-incorporated carbon nitride or g-C3N4-C(N)

CR:

Congo Red

CV:

Cyclic Voltammetry

EBT:

Eriochrome Black T

EPMA:

Electron Probe Micro Analysis

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared

ICP-ES:

Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry

Im-LMS:

Immobilised Laccase-mediator System

LDH:

Layered Double Hydroxide

LDO:

Layered Double Oxide

MB:

Methylene Blue

MG:

Methyl Green

MMO:

Mixed metal oxide

MO:

Methyl Orange

MR:

Methyl Red

MSLDH:

MoS2/NiFe-LDH

MWCNTs:

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

MZI-MMO:

MgO/ZnO/In2O3 MMO

N-rGO:

Negatively charged rGO

nZVI:

Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles

O-II:

Orange II

ODTMA:

Octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

P-CNTs:

1-Pyrenebutyric acid-modified Carbon Nanotubes

PDS:

Peroxydisulphate

PEC:

Photoelectrocatalysis

PMS:

Potassium monosulphate

POM:

Polyoxometalate

Ppy NF:

Polypyrrole Nanofiber

PWD:

Co-Precipitation Water-Washing Re-Dispersion

rGO:

Reduced Graphene Oxide

RLDH:

Reconstructed LDH

RhB:

Rhodamine B

RHG:

Rhodamine 6G

SL:

SnWO4/ZnFe-LDH

Tris:

tris (hydroxymethyl)amino-methane

UV-vis DRS:

UV-vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

X-3B:

Reacitve Brilliant Red

XPS:

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

XRD:

X-Ray Diffraction

ZBVHy4 LDH:

Vandate intercalated Bismuth doped Zn-LDH

ZIF:

Zeolite Imidazolate Framework

ZIF-8:

Zinc 2-Methyllimidazole

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Higher Education Commission (HEC) Islamabad for financial support through project number 8100/Sindh/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2017.

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Khan, S., Gul, A., Memon, N., Memon, S.Q. (2021). Modified Layered Double Hydroxide for Degradation of Dyes. In: Muthu, S.S., Khadir, A. (eds) Advanced Removal Techniques for Dye-containing Wastewaters. Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3164-1_1

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