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Termites

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Polyphagous Pests of Crops

Abstract

Termites are eusocial insects belonging to the insect infraorder Isoptera and are characterized by their colonial behavior. The word Isoptera originated from the Greek words isos which means equal and pteron which means wing and refers to the two pairs of identical wings in the adult. Termites are polymorphic insects, living in large communities of several hundred to several million individuals, composed of alate or apterous reproductive forms together with numerous apterous sterile soldiers and workers. Their numerous colonies have great influence in many ecosystems. There are 12 families of which the family Termitidae is the largest accounting about 75 percent of all termites. With the peculiar digestive system and the ability to digest lignocelluloses, the most abundant resource on the planet, termites became the most successful insects. Termites built huge and most complex nesting systems ever known by an insect. They change the ecosystems by their activities, and at the same time, they are dreaded pests on agriculture and man-made wooden structures. Due to their cryptic life, it is very difficult to manage them. Though chemical insecticides are very effective on termites, their method of application is challenging. Killing few thousand termite workers does not mean killing the colony; as long as the primary and secondary reproductives are alive and active deep inside the termite mounds, the termite problem exists, perennially.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, for the research support.

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    Mani Chellappan & M. T. Ranjith

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Chellappan, M., Ranjith, M.T. (2021). Termites. In: Omkar (eds) Polyphagous Pests of Crops. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8075-8_2

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