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Root Microbiome Structure and Microbial Succession in the Rhizosphere

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Rhizosphere Biology: Interactions Between Microbes and Plants

Part of the book series: Rhizosphere Biology ((RHBIO))

Abstract

Plant root–biota associations involve complex networks between micro- and macroorganisms that interact across diverse temporal and spatial scales and in response to a wide range of climatic and environmental variables. The root–microbiome has a major impact on plant health through interactions on growth and development, facilitation of nutrient uptake and ability to tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses. Renewed interest in plant–microbe interactions has been driven by the availability of more precise molecular and analytical techniques that allow the detailed description and understanding of the dynamics of rhizosphere and endosphere communities. A better understanding of the succession of the root microbiome, i.e. how the microbiome changes in relation to crop growth, provides new opportunities for capturing the potential benefits from positive root–microbiome interactions. Recent evidence has confirmed that root type and localization has a significant influence on the diversity and composition of bacterial, actinobacterial and fungal communities, including specific functional groups such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities across a wide range of plant species. Such differences are driven by variations in root structure and the quantity and composition of root exudates along with microbe–microbe, plant–microbe and microbe–fauna interactions. Evidence for association between temporal changes in the composition of root exudates and the functionality of microbial substrate preferences has also been shown. The interaction between root and rhizosphere development and community composition, in terms of taxonomic/phylogenetic makeup, however, needs to extend to functional groups associated with key traits related to plant health and nutrition. An improved ability to predict functionality from the dynamic changes in root microbiome composition is an important requirement to develop management interventions for ‘designer’ microbiomes and to achieve improved productivity and sustainability in agricultural systems. For this, a more detailed genomic and functional characterization of plant-associated microorganisms, their genes and plant–microbe interactions for specific beneficial functions is required.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Alan E. Richardson, Akitomo Kawasaki & Peter R. Ryan

  2. Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Leo M. Condron

  3. Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Urrbrae, Australia

    Vadakattu V. S. R. Gupta

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  2. Akitomo Kawasaki
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  5. Vadakattu V. S. R. Gupta
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Correspondence to Alan E. Richardson .

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  1. Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Urrbrae, Australia

    Vadakattu V. S. R. Gupta

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, CBSH, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Anil K. Sharma

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Richardson, A.E., Kawasaki, A., Condron, L.M., Ryan, P.R., Gupta, V.V.S.R. (2021). Root Microbiome Structure and Microbial Succession in the Rhizosphere. In: Gupta, V.V.S.R., Sharma, A.K. (eds) Rhizosphere Biology: Interactions Between Microbes and Plants. Rhizosphere Biology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6125-2_5

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