Skip to main content

The Lines of Struggle

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Paradox and the School Leader

Part of the book series: Educational Leadership Theory ((ELT))

  • 282 Accesses

Abstract

My a priori characterisation of a contest over principal subjectivity is as a political struggle for the soul of the principal – a struggle with and against the technologies of neoliberal government that confer a particular permutation of power, truth and ethics on principals. This is a struggle directed to gaining some freedom from the impositions and enclosures of neoliberal governmentality in order to remain ‘open to alternative and foreclosed ways of being and knowing’ (De Lissovoy, 2016, p. 167).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This connection is supported by Butler’s (1995) theoretical interpretation of Foucault’s ‘productive’ power and subjectivity . Butler says ‘that the subject is that which must be constituted again and again implies that it is open to formations that are not fully constrained in advance … If the subject is a reworking of the very discursive processes by which it is worked, then agency is to be found in the possibilities of resignification opened up by discourse’ (p. 135).

  2. 2.

    Phillips’ (2006) reference to ‘palette’ is derived from Felix Guattari’s metaphor for thinking about the possibilities for new subjectivities within existing discursive boundaries. Guattari says, ‘One creates new modalities of subjectivity in the same way that an artist creates new forms from the palette’ (1995, p. 7). Phillips (2006) elaborates on the metaphor in saying that ‘the subject-as-artist is afforded a level of creativity but only in so far as new forms can be derived from the “palette,” which is presumably made up of previously encountered forms’ (p. 314).

  3. 3.

    The term ‘stocks of knowledge’ comes from the pioneering work of Berger and Luckmann (1966) in their book The Social Construction of Reality. It refers to an accumulated body of social understandings, distilled from ‘biographical and historical experience’ that comes to represent and delimit an objective reality and ‘which is available to the individual in everyday life’ (p. 41).

  4. 4.

    Even though often cited as such, the phrase ‘conduct of conduct’ does not appear in the original English translation of Foucault’s (1982) The Subject and Power – where it is translated as ‘guiding the possibilities of conduct’ (p. 789). The phrase can, however, be found in the new translation of The Subject and Power (Foucault, 2002) where it appears as a ‘conduct of conducts’ (p. 341).

References

  • Ball, S. J. (2012). The micro-politics of the school: Towards a theory of school organization. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. J. (2015). Subjectivity as a site of struggle: Refusing neoliberalism? British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(8), 1129–1146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barthes, R. (1975). The pleasure of the text (R. Miller, Trans.). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: Anchor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevir, M. (2010). Rethinking governmentality: Towards genealogies of governance. European Journal of Social Theory, 13(4), 423–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binkley, S. (2009). The work of neoliberal governmentality: Temporality and ethical substance in the tale of two dads. Foucault Studies, 6, 60–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1995). For a careful reading. In S. Benhabib, J. Butler, D. Cornell, & N. Fraser (Eds.), Feminist contentions: A philosophical exchange (pp. 127–144). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (2004). What is critique? An essay on Foucault’s virtue. In S. Salih (Ed.), The Judith Butler reader (pp. 302–321). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (2005). Giving an account of oneself. New York: Fordham University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cahill, D. (2011). Beyond neoliberalism? Crisis and the prospects for progressive alternatives. New Political Science, 33(4), 479–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clegg, S. R. (2002). Management and organization paradoxes (Vol. 9). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Colie, R. L. (1966). Paradoxia Epidemica: The renaissance tradition of paradox. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly, W. E. (2002). Identity, difference: Democratic negotiations of political paradox. Minneapolis, MN: U of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, A. I. (2011). In praise of counter-conduct. History of the Human Sciences, 24(4), 25–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Lissovoy, N. (2016). Education and emancipation in the neoliberal era: Being, teaching, and power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, R. (2000). Theory as practice: Foucault’s concept of problematization. Telos, 2000(118), 127–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, M. (2010). Governmentality: Power and rule in modern society (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demetriou, O. (2016). Counter-conduct and the everyday: Anthropological engagements with philosophy. Global Society, 30(2), 218–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • England, K., & Ward, K. (2008). Neoliberalization: States, networks, peoples. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality. Volume 1, an introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1980a). Truth and power. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–77 (pp. 109–133). New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1980b). Two lectures. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977 (pp. 78–108). New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. Critical Inquiry, 8(4), 777–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1984). What is enlightenment? In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault reader (pp. 32–50). New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1985). The use of pleasure: The history of sexuality, Volume 2 (R. Hurley, Trans.). New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1987). The ethic of care for the self as a practice of freedom: An interview with Michel Foucault on January 20, 1984. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 12(2–3), 112–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1988). Technologies of the self: A seminar with Michel Foucault. London: Tavistock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1991). Politics and the study of discourse. In G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Eds.), The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality (pp. 53–72). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1997a). For an ethics of discomfort. In S. Lotringer (Ed.), The politics of truth (pp. 121–128). Los Angeles: Semiotext(e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1997b). What is critique? In S. Lotringer & L. Hochroth (Eds.), The politics of truth (pp. 23–82). Los Angeles: Semiotext(e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (2002). The subject and power. In J. Faubion (Ed.), Power (pp. 326–348). London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (2005). The hermeneutics of the subject: Lectures at the Collège de France 1981–1982 (Vol. 6). New York: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (2007). Security, territory, population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977–78. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (2010). The government of self and others: Lectures at the Collège de France 1982–1983 (G. Burchell, Trans.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (2014). On the Government of the Living: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1979–1980 (G. Burchell, Trans. M. Senellart Ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gale, T. (2001). Critical policy sociology: Historiography, archaeology and genealogy as methods of policy analysis. Journal of Education Policy, 16(5), 379–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, D. (2011). Agile bodies: A new imperative in neoliberal governance. Journal of Education Policy, 26(2), 207–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, D. (2013). Educational leadership and Michel Foucault. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, H. A. (2008). Against the terror of neoliberalism: Politics beyond the age of greed. London: Paradigm Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gramsci, A. (1971). ‘Language’, languages and common sense. In Q. Hoare & G. Nowell-Smith (Eds.), Selections from the prison notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. London: Lawrence and Wishart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haugaard, M. (2012). Power and truth. European Journal of Social Theory, 15(1), 73–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan, A. (2018). The principal and school improvement: Theorising discourse, policy, and practice. Singapore, Singapore: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, I. (1996). Assembling the school. In A. Barry, T. Osborne, & N. S. Rose (Eds.), Foucault and political reason: Liberalism, neo-liberalism and rationalities of government (pp. 143–166). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lather, P. (2001). Postmodernism, post-structuralism and post (critical) ethnography: Of ruins, aporias and angels. In P. Atkinson, A. Coffey, S. Delamont, J. Lofland, & L. Lofland (Eds.), Handbook of ethnography (pp. 477–492). London: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence-Lightfoot, S. (2005). A dialogue between art and science. Qualitative Inquiry, 11(1), 3–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarato, M. (2009). Neoliberalism in action inequality, insecurity and the reconstitution of the social. Theory, Culture & Society, 26(6), 109–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leask, I. (2012). Beyond subjection: Notes on the later Foucault and education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44(s1), 57–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lecompte, M. (2002). The transformation of ethnographic practice: Past and current challenges. Qualitative Research, 2(3), 283–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. (2000). Exploring paradox: Toward a more comprehensive guide. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 760–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lilja, M., & Vinthagen, S. (2014). Sovereign power, disciplinary power and biopower: Resisting what power with what resistance? Journal of Political Power, 7(1), 107–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzini, D. (2016). From counter-conduct to critical attitude: Michel Foucault and the art of not being governed quite so much. Foucault Studies, 21, 7–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lüscher, L. S., & Lewis, M. W. (2008). Organizational change and managerial sensemaking: Working through paradox. Academy of Management Journal, 51(2), 221–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, G. E., & Fischer, M. (1999). Anthropology as cultural critique: An experimental moment in the human sciences (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian epistemology of resistance: Counter-memory, epistemic friction, and guerrilla pluralism. Foucault Studies, 12, 9–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mouffe, C. (2000). Which ethics for democracy? In M. Garber, B. Hanssen, & R. Walkowitz (Eds.), The turn to ethics (pp. 99–108). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouffe, C. (2013). Agonistics: Thinking the world politically. London: Verso Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niesche, R., & Gowlett, C. (2015). Advocating a post-structuralist politics for educational leadership. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 47(4), 372–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odysseos, L., Death, C., & Malmvig, H. (2016). Interrogating Michel Foucault’s counter-conduct: Theorising the subjects and practices of resistance in global politics. Global Society, 30(2), 151–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peck, J., & Tickell, A. (2002). Neoliberalizing space. Antipode, 34(3), 380–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, K. R. (2006). Rhetorical maneuvers: Subjectivity, power, and resistance. Philosophy & Rhetoric, 39(4), 310–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, L. L., Fairhurst, G. T., & Banghart, S. (2016). Contradictions, dialectics, and paradoxes in organizations: A constitutive approach. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 65–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raaper, R. (2016). Tracing assessment policy discourses in neoliberalised higher education settings. Journal of Education Policy, 32(3), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossdale, C., & Stierl, M. (2016). Everything is dangerous: Conduct and counter-conduct in the occupy movement. Global Society, 30(2), 157–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schad, J., Lewis, M. W., Raisch, S., & Smith, W. K. (2016). Paradox research in management science: Looking back to move forward. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 5–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slater, G. B., & Griggs, C. B. (2015). Standardization and subjection: An autonomist critique of neoliberal school reform. Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 37(5), 438–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W., & Lewis, M. (2011). Toward a theory of paradox: A dynamic equilibrium model of organizing. Academy of Management Review, 36(2), 381–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. K., Lewis, M. W., Jarzabkowski, P., & Langley, A. (2017). Foreword: Paradox in organizational theory. In W. K. Smith, M. W. Lewis, P. Jarzabkowski, & A. Langley (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of organizational paradox. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Springer, S. (2012). Neoliberalism as discourse: Between Foucauldian political economy and Marxian poststructuralism. Critical Discourse Studies, 9(2), 133–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, P. T., Gulson, K., & Pitton, V. (2014). The neo-liberal education policies of epimeleia heautou: Caring for the self in school markets. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 35(1), 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenman, M. (2013). Agonistic democracy: Constituent power in the era of globalisation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dolan, C. (2020). The Lines of Struggle. In: Paradox and the School Leader. Educational Leadership Theory. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3086-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3086-9_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3085-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-3086-9

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics