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A Comprehensive Survey of Intelligent-Based Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

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Nature Inspired Computing for Wireless Sensor Networks

Part of the book series: Springer Tracts in Nature-Inspired Computing ((STNIC))

Abstract

Routing protocols are responsible for discovering and maintaining energy-efficient routes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to make reliable and efficient communication. The main aim of the routing protocol design is collecting data of the sensor field efficiently. In general, routing in WSNs can be classified into three groups: flat routing, hierarchical routing, and location routing. According to the literature, hierarchical routing has more advantages compared to other types, for example, hierarchical routing reduces the redundant data transmission and balances the load among the sensor nodes in an efficient way. Recently, many intelligent-based hierarchical routing protocols are developed for controlling the consumption power of WSNs. Selecting an appropriate routing protocol for specific applications is an important and difficult task for the designer of WSNs. Therefore, this chapter presents a comprehensive survey of the recently intelligent-based hierarchical routing protocols that are developed based on Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm, and Artificial Immune Algorithm. These protocols will review in detail according to different metrics such as WSN type, node deployment, control manner, network architecture, clustering attributes, protocol operation, path establishment, communication paradigm, energy model, protocol objectives, and applications. Moreover, a comparison between the reviewed protocols is investigated here depending on delay, network size, energy efficiency, and scalability with mentioning the advantages and drawbacks of each protocol.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt

    Nabil Sabor

  2. Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, E-JUST-Alexandria, New Borg El Arab, Egypt

    Mohammed Abo-Zahhad

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  1. Nabil Sabor
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  2. Mohammed Abo-Zahhad
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Correspondence to Nabil Sabor .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Debashis De

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Amartya Mukherjee

  3. School of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Science and Technology, Berhampur, Odisha, India

    Santosh Kumar Das

  4. Department of Information Technology, Techno India College of Technology, Kolkata, India

    Nilanjan Dey

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Sabor, N., Abo-Zahhad, M. (2020). A Comprehensive Survey of Intelligent-Based Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: De, D., Mukherjee, A., Kumar Das, S., Dey, N. (eds) Nature Inspired Computing for Wireless Sensor Networks. Springer Tracts in Nature-Inspired Computing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2125-6_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2125-6_10

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  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2125-6

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