Abstract
This study assesses the economic viability of implementing a successful developed economy-based separate collection scheme in a developing economy test area while taking into consideration different influential factors. Two scenarios with different intensities of source segregated (SS) materials were simulated to compare the overall collection cost in developing versus developed economies while considering the variation in waste composition. The SS efficiencies were calculated based on a successful source separation scheme implemented in a developed economy. Scenario S1 reflects a policy towards separation of paper and packaging waste with an overall SS intensity of 13% in the test area in comparison with 25% in the developed economy. Scenario S2 considered an increase in the overall SS intensity that reached 68% in the test area in comparison with 48% in developed economy, when considering the separation of organic waste. The results showed that in the test area, an increase in SS intensity from 13% up to 68% caused a significant reduction in residual municipal solid waste but a consequent increase in the overall collection cost reaching up to ~44%. The developing economy exhibited significantly lower (63–84%) collection costs in comparison with developed economy, mainly due to significantly lower personnel cost. Variation in waste composition caused a major difference in the overall collection cost between developing and developed economies, depending on waste density, collection vehicles load, and compaction ratio. For instance, the collection of low-density waste (e.g. light packaging) resulted in lower fuel consumption and collection cost (up to 83%) in developing economies in comparison with higher fractions in developed economies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Belton, V., Crowe, D. V., Matthews, R., & Scott, S. (1994). A survey of public attitudes to recycling in Glasgow. Waste Management and Research, 12, 351–367.
Boonrod, K., Towprayoona, S., Bonneta, S., & Tripetchkul, S. (2015). Enhancing organic waste separation at the source behavior: a case study of the application of motivation mechanisms in communities in Thailand. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 95, 77–90.
CDR. (2010). Progress report on contracts related to sweeping, collection, treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste in Greater Beirut and surroundings (Contract No11707). Beirut, Lebanon: CDR.
Council Directive. (1991). Directive 91/156/EEC of 18 March 1991 amending directive 75/442/EEC on waste, OJ L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 39 and OJ L 78, 26.3.1991, p. 32.
Di Maria, F., & Micale, C. (2013). Impact of source segregation intensity of solid waste on fuel consumption and collection costs. Waste Management, 33, 2170–2176.
Di Maria, F. D., & Micale, C. (2014). A holistic life cycle analysis of waste management scenarios at increasing source segregation intensity: The case of an Italian urban area. Waste Management, 34(11), 2382–2392.
Everett, J. W., Maratha, S., Dorairaj, R., & Riley, P. (1998a). Curbside collection of recyclables. I. Route time estimation model. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 22, 177–192.
Everett, J. W., Maratha, S., Dorairaj, R., & Riley, P. (1998b). Curbside collection of recyclables. II. Simulation and economic analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 22, 217–240.
Gundupalli, S. P., Hait, S., & Thakur, A., (2017). A review on automated sorting of source-separated municipal solid waste for recycling. Waste Management, 60, 56–74.
Iriarte, A., Gabarrell, X., & Rieradevall, J. (2009). LCA of selective waste collection system in dense urban areas. Waste Management, 29, 903–914.
Johansson, O. M. (2006). The effect of dynamic scheduling and routing in a solid waste management system. Waste Management, 26, 875–885.
Kaza, S., Yao, L.C., Bhada-Tata, P., & Woerden, F. V. (2018). What a waste 2.0: A global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Laceco/Ramboll. (2012). Preparation of pre-qualification documents and tender documents for solid waste management in lebanon, sub Report 1. Baseline Study, Beirut, Lebanon: CDR.
Maalouf, A., & El-Fadel, M. (2019a). Life cycle assessment for solid waste management in Lebanon: Economic implications of carbon credit. Waste Management & Research, 37(Supplement), 14–26.
Maalouf, A., & El-Fadel, M. (2019b). Towards improving emissions accounting methods in waste management: A proposed framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206, 197–210.
Miller Associates. (1999). Project INTEGRA research, attitudes and behaviour, Report 1: Main findings. Report for the Project Integra Household Waste Research Programme, Hampshire County Council, UK.
Oliveiera, De, Simonetto, E., & Borenstein, D. (2007). A decision support system for the operational planning of solid waste collection. Waste Management, 27, 1286–1297.
Rousta, K., Bolton, K., Lundin, M., & Dahlén, L. (2015). Quantitative assessment of distance to collection point and improved sorting information on source separation of household waste. Waste Management, 40, 22–30.
Sukholthaman, P., Chanvarasuth, P., & Sharp, A. (2017). Analysis of waste generation variables and people’s attitudes towards waste management system: A case of Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 19(2), 645–656.
Sukholthaman, P., & Sharp, A. (2016). A system dynamics model to evaluate effects of source separation of municipal solid waste management: A case of Bangkok, Thailand. Waste Management, 52, 50–61.
Tai, J., Zhang, W., Che, Y., & Feng, D. (2011). Municipal solid waste source-separated collection in China: A comparative analysis. Waste Management, 31, 1673–1682.
UN Habitat. (2010). Collection of municipal solid waste in developing countries. United Nations human settlement programme (UN Habitat), Nairobi, Kenya.
Vassanadumrongdee, S., & Kittipongvises, S. (2018). Factors influencing source separation intention and willingness to pay for improving waste management in Bangkok. Thailand. Sustainable Environment Research, 28(2), 90–99.
Wang, F. S. (2001). Deterministic and stochastic simulations for solid waste collection systems—A SWIM approach. Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 6, 249–260.
Acknowledgements
This study is supported through joint funding from the National Council for Scientific Research (NCSR) and American University of Beirut (AUB). Special thanks are extended to Dar Al-Handasah (Shair & Partners) for its support to the graduate programs in Engineering at AUB.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maalouf, A., Di Maria, F., El-Fadel, M. (2020). Waste Recycling in a Developing Context: Economic Implications of an EU-Separate Collection Scheme. In: Ghosh, S. (eds) Waste Management as Economic Industry Towards Circular Economy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1620-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1620-7_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-1619-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-1620-7
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)