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Thyroid Hormone System and Development

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Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

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Abstract

In recent years, many studies have been published regarding thyroid hormones (THs)-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals. THs play a crucial role in normal fetal growth and maturation. Even before the fetal thyroid gland matures and starts to secrete THs, THs are detected in the fetal cerebral cortex, thereby confirming that fetuses completely rely on the maternal TH supply by the end of the first trimester. Therefore, exposure of pregnant women and their fetus to environmental chemicals that can interfere with THs has been of special concern. This chapter covers mainly recent findings on the epidemiological studies which investigated the associations between prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals and neonatal TH concentrations. In addition, possible mechanisms of thyroid-disrupting action by each chemical are drawn such as competitive bindings to TH transport proteins, interference of TH regulation, synthesis, and metabolism. Further, we emphasize a need for longitudinal studies to more completely assess whether the effects of chemical exposure on TH level, particularly during sensitive developmental windows, such as in fetal life and early infancy, are permanent.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare; and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under Grant Number JP18gk0110032.

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  1. Center for Environmental Health and Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Sachiko Itoh

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  1. Sachiko Itoh
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  1. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Reiko Kishi

  2. Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Philippe Grandjean

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Itoh, S. (2020). Thyroid Hormone System and Development. In: Kishi, R., Grandjean, P. (eds) Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_6

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