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Impact of Air Pollution Hazards on Human Development

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Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

Abstract

Air pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, NOx), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), sulfur dioxide (SO2), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) have known to exhibit harmful effects on different organs and systems in human body. Increasing exposure to air pollution in children is a global public health concern as children are extremely vulnerable to air pollution due to their dynamic growth. Under age five mortalities due to air pollution are increasing worldwide thus making it necessary to take prompt action on protecting children’s environmental health. Air pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, O3, NO2, CO are known to be strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes like low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. Air pollution is found to be linked with neurocognitive development in children. NO2 was found to be associated with psychomotor development in children, while PM2.5 and PM10 were found to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies have reported an association between air pollution especially PM and NO2 and childhood obesity/insulin resistance. Thus, more advanced research is needed to implement effective strategies safeguarding children’s health.

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  1. Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Eunhee Ha

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  1. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Reiko Kishi

  2. Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Philippe Grandjean

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Ha, E. (2020). Impact of Air Pollution Hazards on Human Development. In: Kishi, R., Grandjean, P. (eds) Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_10

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