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Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals on Human Health with Global Perspectives

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Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

Abstract

There is global concern about children’s environment and health and the environmental effects of chemical exposure. This began with the fetal Minamata disease that occurred more than 60 years ago in Japan. Severe neurodevelopmental disorders and cerebral palsy-like symptoms have been observed with remarkable differences in pathological findings between adults and children. The mother’s symptoms have been generally mild. The cause of fetal Minamata disease was methylmercury contained in factory effluent. Since the fetus has a high demand for neutral amino acids, methylmercury is actively transported transplacentally to the fetus. Moreover, it is highly sensitive because of the time window when cells develop most. In the same Kyusyu island, Yusho, (the Kanemi rice-bran oil poisoning) occurred in 1968. At the beginning of the incident, the cause of disease was explained due to PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls), but later dioxins such as PCDD, PCDF were detected in the blood of the patients. There are many crucial points we should learn from these historical disasters, including not only the scientific causalities but also the social and political backgrounds in economically rapid growth. The twenty-first century is the era of birth cohort studies throughout the world. In Asia, several birth cohorts were launched in early 2000. As of April 2019, 31 cohorts in 16 countries have joined the BiCCA (Birth Cohort Consortium in Asia) and they are ongoing with life-course DOHaD (developmental origin of health and disease) approaches. The integration of “environment” into the DOHaD theory became new paradigm especially for the prevention of disease/dysfunction focusing on both clinical and public health implications.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Kim M. Barrymore, who helped with revisions for this chapter. This research was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare; and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under Grant Number JP18gk0110032.

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    Reiko Kishi

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  1. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Reiko Kishi

  2. Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Philippe Grandjean

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Kishi, R. (2020). Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals on Human Health with Global Perspectives. In: Kishi, R., Grandjean, P. (eds) Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_1

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