Human Detection and Classification using Passive Forward Scattering Radar System at Different Places

Abstract

In military and security applications, the capability to detect human and identify their movement is progressively important. Generally, most of the radar systems are active systems, which can be easily detected by the enemy. Accordingly, passive radar is set to become an alternative to conventional active radar that offers a decisive operational advantage in that the passive radar could not be located. Passive radar does not emit any signals of its own, thus it could not be blocked. Consequently, passive radar uses many different transmission sources that are sent out from various locations to detect ground moving target especially human. The objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of forward scatter configuration mode using Long-Term Evolution (LTE) signal in a passive radar system for human detection and classification. This research utilized LTE frequency as a transmitter, which was a commercial telecommunication antenna. An experimental LTE based passive forward scatter radar system receiver was developed through the range of bistatic edge close to 180°. The data information of Doppler signature from human was taken at the beaches of Morib, Dungun and Port Dickson. All three places had strong LTE signal with 1.8 GHz and similar environment with that at the country borders. The human Doppler signature was analyzed, recognized and classified using the Principal Component Analysis technique. Results have shown that human of different sizes could be detected and classified based on body dimension, even at different places. This is the evolving area of research that provides a more useful outcome in improving border protection and security monitoring.