Abstract
This study investigates the hypotheses that Asian flight attendants’ emotional labour aspects moderate the decreasing propensity of organizational trust and satisfaction in circumstances where the Psychological Contract Violation (PCV) is perceived. A questionnaire survey was administrated to 413 Asian flight attendants. A 5-point Liker-type scale was employed to assess the aspects of PCV and emotional labour. Approximately 500 questionnaires were randomly distributed to flight attendants at an Asian airport, confidentiality of the data was explained, and then they were asked to complete the questionnaire. The research findings, mean, S.D., Cronbach’s alpha and correlations for variables used in this study are shown. Then, multiple hierarchical regression is used to test the hypotheses. The results show that some emotional aspects (emotional delivery and surface acting) significantly recover the decreasing propensity of organizational trust and satisfaction in the stressful circumstances where emotional labour perceives PCV.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88–115.
Ashforth, B. E., & Tomiuk, M. A. (2000). Emotional labor and authenticity: views from service agents. In S. Fineman (Ed.), Emotion in organizations (pp. 184–203). London, SAGE.
Avers, K. B., King, S. J., Nesthus, T. E., Thomas, S., & Banks, J. (2009). Flight Attendant Fatigue, Part 1: National Duty, Rest, and Fatigue Survey (No. DOT/FAA/AM-09/24). FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Barsade, S. G., & Gibson, D. E. (2007). Why does affect matter in organizations? The Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 36–59.
Bettencourt, L. A., Gwinner, K. P., & Meuter, M. L. (2001). A comparison of attitude, personality, and knowledge predictors of service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 29.
Brotheridge, C. M., & Lee, R. T. (2003). Development and validation of the emotional labour scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(3), 365–379.
Brown, T. J., Mowen, J. C., Donavan, D. T., & Licata, J. W. (2002). The customer orientation of service workers: Personality trait effects on self-and supervisor performance ratings. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), 110–119.
Conway, N., & Briner, R. B. (2002). Full-time versus part-time employees: Understanding the links between work status, the psychological contract, and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(2), 279–301.
Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 621–656.
Coyle-Shapiro, J., & Kessler, I. (2000). Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: A large scale survey. Journal of Management Studies, 37(7), 903–930.
Ekman, P. (1973). Cross-cultural studies of facial expression. Darwin and facial expression: A century of research in review (pp. 169–222). New York: Academic Press.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial cues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Gabarro, J. J., & Athos, J. (1976). Interpersonal relations and communications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95.
Grandey, A. A. (2003). When “the show must go on”: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46(1), 86–96.
Grandey, A. A., Tam, A. P., & Brauburger, A. L. (2002). Affective states and traits in the workplace: Diary and survey data from young workers. Motivation and Emotion, 26(1), 31–55.
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: The commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
IATA Economics’ chart of the week, https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/chart-of-the-week-24-Feb-2017.pdf.
Johnson, H. A. M., & Spector, P. E. (2007). Service with a smile: Do emotional intelligence, gender, and autonomy moderate the emotional labor process? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(4), 319.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
Lewicki, R. J., & Bunker, B. B. (1996). Developing and maintaining trust in work relationships. Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research, 114, 139.
McLellan, R. A., Schmit, M. J., Amundson, M., & Blake, R. (1998). Secret shopper ratings as an individual-level criterion for validation studies. In 13th annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Dallas, TX.
Morrison, E. W., & Robinson, S. L. (1997). When employees feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 226–256.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. The Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41–50.
Pierce, J. L. (1996). Gender trials: Emotional lives in contemporary law firms. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
Pines, A., & Aronson, E. (1988). Career burnout: Causes and cures. New York: Free press.
Porter, L. W., & Lawler, E. E. (1968). Managerial attitudes and performance.
Rafaeli, A., & Sutton, R. I. (1987). Expression of emotion as part of the work role. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 23–37.
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150–163.
Robinson, S. L. (1996). Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 574–599.
Robinson, S. L., Kraatz, M. S., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A longitudinal study. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 137–152.
Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 289–298.
Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(3), 245–259.
Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2(2), 121–139.
Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (2007). An integrative model of organizational trust: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 344–354.
Sims, R. R. (1994). Human resource management’s role in clarifying the new psychological contract. Human Resource Management, 33(3), 373–382.
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53.
Tolich, M. B. (1993). Alienating and liberating emotions at work supermarket clerks’ performance of customer service. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 22(3), 361–381.
Tsai, W. C., & Huang, Y. M. (2002). Mechanisms linking employee affective delivery and customer behavioral intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 1001.
Turnley, W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2000). Research Re-examining the effects of psychological Note contract violations: Unmet expectations and job dissatisfaction as mediators. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(1), 25–42.
Voronov, M., & Weber, K. (2016). The heart of institutions: Emotional competence and institutional actorhood. Academy of Management Review, 41(3), 456–478.
Wharton, A. S. (2009). The sociology of emotional labor. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 147–165.
Williams, M. (2001). In whom we trust: Group membership as an affective context for trust development. Academy of Management Review, 26(3), 377–396.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617.
Zapf, D., Vogt, C., Seifert, C., Mertini, H., & Isic, A. (1999). Emotion work as a source of stress: The concept and development of an instrument. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(3), 371–400.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Okabe, N. (2018). Interaction of Psychological Contract Violation and Emotional Labour: Recovery of Organizational Trust and Job Satisfaction. In: Leung, MT., Tan, LM. (eds) Applied Psychology Readings. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8034-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8034-0_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-8033-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-8034-0
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)