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Novel MRI Contrast from Magnetotactic Bacteria to Evaluate In Vivo Stem Cell Engraftment

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Biological, Physical and Technical Basics of Cell Engineering

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Abstract

Although human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their derivatives have great potential for the treatment of heart failure. The therapeutic benefit is limited by translational challenges of stem cells such as cell engraftment. Thus, a robust in vivo imaging technology is indispensable to advance the clinical implementation of stem cell therapy. While no available imaging technology meets the requirement for in vivo stem cell tracking, MRI is a highly promising tool due to its high spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and tissue contrast; yet, this modality lacks sensitivity. Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIONs) addresses this critical imaging issue and have been used as an MRI contrast agent for stem cell tracking. However, their critical limitation is the inability to evaluate cell viability as SPIONs remain in the tissue long after the death of transplanted cells. To address this shortcoming of SPIONs, the novel magneto-endosymbiont-based (MEs) contrast agent was developed (Magnelle®, Bell Biosystems, Inc., South SF, CA). The MEs utilize the magnetosome biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), a specific intracellular structure containing inorganic magnetic iron crystals (magnetite or greigite). Having superparamagnetic property like SPIONs, MEs can be detected on T2* weighted imaging. MEs have high safety profile and do not interfere with the functions of transfected cells. Unlike SPIONs, the antiginecity of the MEs are readily recognized and removed from macrophages quickly after the death of labeled cells, eliminating signals from dead cells. In the previous study from our group, iPSC derived cardiomyocytes were labeled with MEs and detected successfully on MRI after transplantation into the heart. In vivo ME signals corresponded with luciferase-based bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of the transplanted cell viability. In conclusion, ME is a novel MRI contrast agent for in vivo cellular tracking that allows accurate longitudinal visualization of the engrafted cells.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, USA

    Ji-Hye Jung, Yuko Tada & Phillip C. Yang

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Clinical Science Research (CCSR); 3115C, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Ji-Hye Jung, Yuko Tada & Phillip C. Yang

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  1. Ji-Hye Jung
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  2. Yuko Tada
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  3. Phillip C. Yang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Phillip C. Yang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Gerhard M. Artmann

  2. Institute for Bioengineering, Medical and Molecular Biology, University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Campus Jülich, Germany

    Aysegül Artmann

  3. Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Kazakhstan National Academy of Natural Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Azhar A. Zhubanova

  4. Institute for Bioengineering, Cell- and Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Campus Jülich, Germany

    Ilya Digel

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Jung, JH., Tada, Y., Yang, P.C. (2018). Novel MRI Contrast from Magnetotactic Bacteria to Evaluate In Vivo Stem Cell Engraftment. In: Artmann, G., Artmann, A., Zhubanova, A., Digel, I. (eds) Biological, Physical and Technical Basics of Cell Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7904-7_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7904-7_16

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