Skip to main content

FLLA: Present and Prospects

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Foreign Language Learning Anxiety in China
  • 1601 Accesses

Abstract

Ever since researchers consider affective factor an important issue influencing language learners’ learning effectiveness, various aspects of FLLA have been the research focuses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The studies (e.g., Liu, 2007; Liu & Jackson, 2008; Yan, 1998; Yan & Horwitz, 2008; Yang, 1993) mentioned in Sect. 3.3, like the study reported in Chaps. 4 and 5, researched university students in China. It would also be meaningful to compare these five studies with the one in this book because they have the same target population. However, these five studies altered the FLCAS by adding 3 to 6 items to it, which makes the comparison of the means and standard deviations unfeasible.

References

  • Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope’s construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. The Modern Language Journal, 78(2), 155–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alderman, M. K. (2008). Motivation for achievement: Possibilities for teaching and learning (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, R. (1997). Aspects of verbal humor in English. Tübingen: G. Narr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alrabai, F. (2014). The influence of teachers’ anxiety-reducing strategies on learners’ foreign language anxiety. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 163–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chastain, K. (1975). Affective and ability factors in second-language acquisition. Language Learning, 25(1), 153–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Y.-S. (1998). Examination of two anxiety constructs: Second language class anxiety and second language writing anxiety Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiang, Y.-N. (2006). Connecting two anxiety constructs: An interdisciplinary study of foreign language anxiety and interpretation anxiety. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cope-Powell, J. A. (1991). Foreign language classroom anxiety: Institutional responses. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 169–176). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. (1996). Cultures of learning: Language classrooms in China. In H. Coleman (Ed.), Society and the language classroom (pp. 169–208). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crookall, D., & Oxford, R. L. (1991). Dealing with anxiety: Some practical activities for language learners and teacher trainees. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 140–150). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du, X. (2009). The affective filter in second language teaching. Asian Social Science, 5(8), 162–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregersen, T. S. (2005). Nonverbal cues: Clues to the detection of foreign language anxiety. Foreign Language Annals, 38(3), 388–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He, D. (2013). What makes learners anxious while speaking English: A comparative study of the perceptions held by university students and teachers in China. Educational Studies, 39(3), 338–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, E. K. (1986). Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a foreign language anxiety scale. TESOL Quarterly, 20, 559–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, E. K. (2000). It ain’t over ‘till it’s over: On foreign language anxiety, first language deficits, and the confounding of variables. The Modern Language Journal, 84(2), 256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J.-H. (2000). Foreign language listening anxiety: A study of Korean students learning English. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick, A., & Xu, Z. (2002). Chinese pragmatic norms and ‘China English’. World Englishes, 21(2), 269–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krashen, S. D. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. F., & VanPatten, B. (2003). Making communicative language teaching happen. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M. (2007). Anxiety in oral English classrooms: A case study in China. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 3(1), 119–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M., & Jackson, J. (2008). An exploration of Chinese EFL learners’ unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 92(1), 71–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1989). Anxiety and second-language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning, 39(2), 251–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language anxiety: Its relationship to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41(4), 513–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. New York: Newbury House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palacios, L. M. (1998). Foreign language anxiety and classroom environment: A study of Spanish university students. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappamihiel, N. E. (2002). English as a second language students and English language anxiety: Issues in the mainstream classroom. Research in the Teaching of English, 36(3), 327–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, E. M. (1990). The effects of anxiety on performance and achievement in an oral test of French. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, V. P., McCroskey, J. C., Plax, T. G., & Kearney, P. (1986). Teacher nonverbal immediacy training and student affect. World Communication, 15(2), 181–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, D., & Crookall, D. (1985). Playing with a second language. Simulation/Games for Learning, 15, 166–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, R. L., Ganschow, L., & Javorsky, J. (2000). Deja vu all over again: A response to Saito, Horwitz, and Garza. The Modern Language Journal, 84(2), 251–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szyszka, M. (2011). Foreign language anxiety and self-perceived English pronunciation competence. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 1(2), 283–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, T. (1997). Do we need to train teachers how to administer praise? Self-worth theory says we do. Learning and Instruction, 7(1), 49–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Truitt, S. N. (1995). Anxiety and beliefs about language learning: A study of Korean university students learning English. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tryon, G. S. (1980). The measurement and treatment of test anxiety. Review of Educational Research, 50(2), 343–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsiplakides, I., & Keramida, A. (2009). Helping students overcome foreign language speaking anxiety in the English classroom: Theoretical issues and practical recommendations. International Education Studies, 2(4), 39–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, M., & Urios-Aparisi, E. (2008). Pragmatics of humor in the foreign language classroom: Learning (with) humor. In M. Putz & J. N.-V. Aertselaer (Eds.), Developing contrastive pragmatics: Interlanguage and cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 209–228). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, B. (1967). Basic writings of Mo Tzu, Hsün Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, J. X. (1998). An examination of foreign language classroom anxiety: Its sources and effects in a college English program in China. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, J. X., & Horwitz, E. K. (2008). Learners’ perceptions of how anxiety interacts with personal and instructional factors to influence their achievement in English: A qualitative analysis of EFL learners in China. Language Learning, 58(1), 151–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, G., & Lu, L. (Eds.). (2008). Chinese self: Psychological analysis (Zhongguoren de ziwo: Xinlixue de fenxi). Taipei: National Taiwan University Press (Taida chuban zhongxin).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, R.-L. (1993). A study of the communicative anxiety and self-esteem of Chinese students in relation to their oral and listening proficiency in English. Unpublished Ed.D., University of Georgia, Georgia, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, D. J. (1990). An investigation of students’ perspectives on anxiety and speaking. Foreign Language Annals, 23(6), 539–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, D. J. (1991). Creating a low-anxiety classroom environment: What does language anxiety research suggest? The Modern Language Journal, 75(4), 426–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, D. J. (1992). Language anxiety from the foreign language specialist’s perspective: Interviews with Krashen, Omaggio Hadley, Terrell, and Rardin. Foreign Language Annals, 25(2), 157–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deyuan He .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

He, D. (2018). FLLA: Present and Prospects. In: Foreign Language Learning Anxiety in China. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7662-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7662-6_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7661-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7662-6

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics