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Mannuronic Acid as an Anti-inflammatory Drug

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Alginates and Their Biomedical Applications

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering ((SSBSE,volume 11))

Abstract

Alginic acid is a linear polymer forming of β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid residues that are present in the polymer chain in blocks. The D-mannuronic acid represents a newly designed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has also immunosuppressive effects together with antioxidant property. D-mannuronic acid has been studied as an anti-inflammatory and novel immunosuppressive agent in several experimental models such as animal models of immune complex glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Both molecular mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of this new drug are based, in particular, on its inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, immune cell infiltration in inflammatory foci, decrease of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 level, a reduction in antibody production, and induction of apoptosis. Several literature data reported no gastro-nephrotoxicity and therapeutic effects in several inflammatory diseases; for this reason it is strongly recommended as the safest drug for decreasing anti-inflammatory reactions. Moreover, recently many clinical trials were performed; results obtained support the idea that D-mannuronic acid is characterized by potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy

    Rosalia Crupi & Salvatore Cuzzocrea

  2. Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA

    Salvatore Cuzzocrea

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  1. Rosalia Crupi
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  2. Salvatore Cuzzocrea
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Correspondence to Salvatore Cuzzocrea .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Bernd H.A. Rehm

  2. Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    M. Fata Moradali

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Crupi, R., Cuzzocrea, S. (2018). Mannuronic Acid as an Anti-inflammatory Drug. In: Rehm, B., Moradali, M. (eds) Alginates and Their Biomedical Applications. Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, vol 11. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6910-9_11

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