Abstract
Mosquitoes act as vectors of hazardous human diseases and are a major public health problem. Aedes aegypti is a vector of dengue. Chemical treatment is an effective method of controlling mosquitoes but is unsafe for the environment. It is crucial that new, environmentally safe products be developed. Plants can be used as an alternative source of mosquito larval control materials. This study was conducted to evaluate the larvicidal activity of Cerbera odollam against a dengue vector, A. aegypti. The larvicidal activity of crude extracts, fractions, and subfractions of C. odollam was tested against the third-instar larvae of A. aegypti. The larval mortality was determined at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of exposure. The results showed that the crude extracts of rinds, stem bark, leaves, and seed kernels had poor larvicidal effects. However, the highest larval mortality was shown when the crude extract of seed kernels was used at a concentration of 2.0 g/l after an exposure of 48 h. The larvicidal activity of the fractions derived from the crude extract of seed kernels led to high larval mortality in the ethyl acetate fraction, moderate mortality in the n-hexane fraction, and a very low larvicidal effect in the insoluble fraction. The LC50 values of the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions were 0.07 and 0.14 g/l, whereas the LC90 values were 0.42 and ˃ 1.0 g/l, respectively. The larvicidal activity of the subfractions yielded the highest larval mortality in subfractions 1 and 7. The bioactive compounds of C. odollam possess potency as larvicidal substances.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed F, Amin R, Shahid I, Sobhani M (2008) Antibacterial, cytotoxic and neuropharmacological activities of Cerbera odollam seeds. Orient Pharm Exp Med 8:323–328
Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Geetha K (2008) Larvicidal activity of saponin from Achyranthes aspera against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 103:223–229
Brown A (1986) Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: a pragmatic review. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2:123–140
Chaithong U, Choochote W, Kamsuk K, Jitpakdi A, Tippawangkosol P, Chaiyasit D, Champakaew D, Tuetun B, Pitasawat B (2006) Larvicidal effect of pepper plants on Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). J Vector Ecol 31:138–144
Chapagain BP, Saharan V, Wiesman Z (2008) Larvicidal activity of saponins from Balanites aegyptiaca Callus against Aedes aegypti Mosquito. Bioresour Technol 99:1165–1168
Cheng S-S, Chang H-T, Chang S-T, Tsai K-H, Chen W-J (2003) Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti larvae. Bioresour Technol 89:99–102
Cheng S-S, Huang C-G, Chen W-J, Kuo Y-H, Chang S-T (2008) Larvicidal activity of tectoquinone isolated from red heartwood-type Cryptomeria japonica against two mosquito species. Bioresour Technol 99:3617–3622
Choochote W, Tuetun B, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, Jitpakdi A, Tippawangkosol P, Riyong D, Pitasawat B (2004) Potential of crude seed extract of celery, Apium graveolens L., against the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). J Vector Ecol 29:340–346
Ciccia G, Coussio J, Mongelli E (2000) Insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae of some medicinal south American plants. J Ethnopharmacol 72:185–189
Coria C, Almiron W, Valladares G, Carpinella C, Ludueña F, Defago M, Palacios S (2008) Larvicide and oviposition deterrent effects of fruit and leaf extracts from Melia azedarach L. on Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Bioresour Technol 99:3066–3070
de Mendonça FA, Da Silva K, Dos Santos K, Júnior KR, Sant'Ana A (2005) Activities of some Brazilian plants against larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Fitoterapia 76:629–636
De Omena M, Navarro D, De Paula J, Luna J, De Lima MF, Sant’Ana A (2007) Larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti of some Brazilian medicinal plants. Bioresour Technol 98:2549–2556
Dharmagadda V, Naik S, Mittal P, Vasudevan P (2005) Larvicidal activity of Tagetes patula essential oil against three mosquito species. Bioresour Technol 96:1235–1240
Gaillard Y, Krishnamoorthy A, Bevalot F (2004) Cerbera odollam: a ‘suicide tree’ and cause of death in the state of Kerala, India. J Ethnopharmacol 95:123–126
Govindarajan M (2009) Bioefficacy of Cassia fistula Linn.(Leguminosae) leaf extract against chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 13:99–103
Govindarajan M (2010) Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. F.(Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Asian Pac J Trop Med 3:691–695
Govindarajan M (2011) Evaluation of Andrographis paniculata Burm. F.(family: Acanthaceae) extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus (say.) and Aedes aegypti (Linn.)(Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Med 4:176–181
Govindarajan M, Karuppannan P (2011) Mosquito larvicidal and ovicidal properties of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk (Asteraceae) against chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti (Linn.)(Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Med 4:24–28
Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A (2011) Mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent properties of botanical extracts against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 109:353–367
Gubler DJ, Clark GG (1995) Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever: the emergence of a global health problem. Emerg Infect Diseases 1:55–57
Harve G, Kamath V (2004) Larvicidal activity of plant extracts used alone and in combination with known synthetic larvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti. Indian J Exp Biol 42:1216–1219
Hashim R, Boon J, Sulaiman O, Kawamura F, Lee C (2009) Evaluation of the decay resistance properties of Cerbera odollam extracts and their influence on properties of particleboard. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 63:1013–1017
Ioset J-R, Marston A, Gupta MP, Hostettmann K (2000) Antifungal and larvicidal cordiaquinones from the roots of Cordia curassavica. Phytochemistry 53:613–617
Jang Y-S, Jeon J-H, Lee H-S (2005) Mosquito larvicidal activity of active constituent derived from Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves against 3 mosquito species. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 21:400–403
Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A (2008) Antifeedant and larvicidal effects of plant extracts against Spodoptera litura (F.), Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus say. Parasitol Res 103:325–331
Kaushik R, Saini P (2008) Larvicidal activity of leaf extract of Millingtonia hortensis (family: Bignoniaceae) against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. J Vector Borne Dis 45(1):66–69
Khanna VG, Kannabiran K, Rajakumar G, Rahuman AA, Santhoshkumar T (2011) Biolarvicidal compound gymnemagenol isolated from leaf extract of miracle fruit plant, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) Schult against malaria and filariasis vectors. Parasitol Res 109:1373
Kiran SR, Bhavani K, Devi PS, Rao BR, Reddy KJ (2006) Composition and larvicidal activity of leaves and stem essential oils of Chloroxylon swietenia DC against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Bioresour Technol 97:2481–2484
Kovendan K, Murugan K, Vincent S (2012) Evaluation of larvicidal activity of Acalypha alnifolia Klein ex Willd.(Euphorbiaceae) leaf extract against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi, dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and Bancroftian filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 110:571–581
Kumar MS, Maneemegalai S (2008) Evaluation of larvicidal effect of Lantana camara Linn against mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Adv Biol Res 2:39–43
Laphookhieo S, Cheenpracha S, Karalai C, Chantrapromma S, Ponglimanont C, Chantrapromma K (2004) Cytotoxic cardenolide glycoside from the seeds of Cerbera odollam. Phytochemistry 65:507–510
Lee SE (2000) Mosquito larvicidal activity of pipernonaline, a piperidine alkaloid derived from long pepper, Piper longum. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 16:245–247
Maheswaran R, Sathish S, Ignacimuthu S (2008) Larvicidal activity of Leucas aspera (Willd.) against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus say. And Aedes aegypti L. Int J Integr Biol 2:214–217
Markouk M, Bekkouche K, Larhsini M, Bousaid M, Lazrek H, Jana M (2000) Evaluation of some Moroccan medicinal plant extracts for larvicidal activity. J Ethnopharmacol 73:293–297
Morais SM, Cavalcanti ES, Bertini LM, Oliveira CLL, Rodrigues JRB, Cardoso JHL (2006) Larvicidal activity of essential oils from Brazilian croton species against Aedes aegypti L. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22:161–164
Mullai K, Jebanesan A, Pushpanathan T (2008) Effect of bioactive fractions of Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. Leaf extract against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Res 102:951
Muthu C, Reegan AD, Kingsley S, Ignacimuthu S (2012) Larvicidal activity of pectolinaringenin from Clerodendrum phlomidis L. against Culex quinquefasciatus say and Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 111:1059–1065
Ndung’u MW, Kaoneka B, Hassanali A, Lwande W, Hooper AM, Tayman F, Zerbe O, Torto B (2004) New mosquito larvicidal tetranortriterpenoids from Turraea wakefieldii and Turraea floribunda. J Agric Food Chem 52:5027–5031
Park I-K, Lee S-G, Shin S-C, Park J-D, Ahn Y-J (2002) Larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in Piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species. J Agric Food Chem 50:1866–1870
Pelah D, Abramovich Z, Markus A, Wiesman Z (2002) The use of commercial saponin from Quillaja saponaria bark as a natural larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. J Ethnopharmacol 81:407–409
Perumalsamy H, Kim N-J, Ahn Y-J (2009) Larvicidal activity of compounds isolated from Asarum heterotropoides against Culex pipiens Pallens, Aedes aegypti, and Ochlerotatus togoi (Diptera: Culicidae). J Medical Entomol 46:1420–1423
Prajapati V, Tripathi A, Aggarwal K, Khanuja S (2005) Insecticidal, repellent and oviposition-deterrent activity of selected essential oils against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Bioresour Technol 96:1749–1757
Promsiri S, Naksathit A, Kruatrachue M, Thavara U (2006) Evaluations of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and other effects on a non target fish. Insect Sci 13:179–188
Rahuman AA, Gopalakrishnan G, Venkatesan P, Geetha K (2008a) Larvicidal activity of some Euphorbiaceae plant extracts against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 102:867–873
Rahuman AA, Venkatesan P, Gopalakrishnan G (2008b) Mosquito larvicidal activity of oleic and linoleic acids isolated from Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad. Parasitol Res 103:1383–1390
Rahuman AA, Gopalakrishnan G, Venkatesan P, Geetha K (2008c) Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) sweet. Parasitol Res 102:981–988
Rahuman AA, Venkatesan P, Geetha K, Gopalakrishnan G, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C (2008d) Mosquito larvicidal activity of gluanol acetate, a tetracyclic triterpenes derived from Ficus racemosa Linn. Parasitol Res 103:333
Rahuman AA, Gopalakrishnan G, Venkatesan P, Geetha K, Bagavan A (2008e) Mosquito larvicidal activity of isolated compounds from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Phytother Res 22:1035–1039
Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A (2010) Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil from Clausena dentata (Willd) M. Roam.(Rutaceae) against the chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti Linn.(Diptera: Culicidae). J Asia Pac Entomol 13:107–109
Sá RA, de Lima Santos ND, da Silva CSB, Napoleão TH, Gomes FS, Cavada BS, Coelho LCBB, Navarro DMdAF, Bieber LW, Paiva PMG (2009) Larvicidal activity of lectins from Myracrodruon urundeuva on Aedes aegypti. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 149:300–306
Siddiqui BS, Afshan F, Gulzar T, Sultana R, Naqvi SN-H, Tariq RM (2003) Tetracyclic triterpenoids from the leaves of Azadirachta indica and their insecticidal activities. Chem Pharm Bull 51:415–417
Tarmadi D, Prianto A, Guswenrivo I, Kartika T, Yusuf S (2007) The efficacy of Carbera odollam Gaertn and Brugmansia candida Pers against subterranean termite Coptotermes sp. J Wood Sci Tech 5:38–42
Utami S (2010) Laboratory evaluation on insecticidal activity of Bintaro (Cerbera odollam Gaertn) against Eurema spp. (in Indonesian). J For Plant Studies 7:211–220
Wandscheer CB, Duque JE, da Silva MA, Fukuyama Y, Wohlke JL, Adelmann J, Fontana JD (2004) Larvicidal action of ethanolic extracts from fruit endocarps of Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica against the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti. Toxicon 44:829–835
World Health Organization (2005) Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides. Communicable disease control, Prevention and eradication, WHO pesticide evaluation scheme. WHO, Geneva WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDPP/200513
Yang Y-C, Lee S-G, Lee H-K, Kim M-K, Lee S-H, Lee H-S (2002) A piperidine amide extracted from Piper longum L. fruit shows activity against Aedes aegypti Mosquito larvae. J Agric Food Chem 50:3765–3767
Yang Y-C, Lim M-Y, Lee H-S (2003) Emodin isolated from Cassia obtusifolia (Leguminosae) seed shows larvicidal activity against three mosquito species. J Agric Food Chem 51:7629–7631
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Prof. Tsuyoshi Yoshimura and Dr. Khoirul Himmi Setiawan (RISH, Kyoto University) for their valuable advices.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tarmadi, D., Gunandini, D.J., Yusuf, S. (2018). Larvicidal Activity of Cerbera odollam Gaertn Against a Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). In: McLellan, B. (eds) Sustainable Future for Human Security . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5430-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5430-3_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5429-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5430-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)