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Molecular Mechanisms of Lymph Node Metastasis

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Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Abstract

Despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, the prognosis of advanced cancer with extensive invasion and metastasis remains poor. The severity of a clinical prognosis depends on whether lymph node metastasis has occurred. For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must undergo a multistep process through a series of sequential and selective events. The metastatic process consists of detachment, local invasion, motility, lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic vessel invasion, survival in the circulation, adhesion to endothelial cells, extravasation, and regrowth in lymph nodes. Among them, the most important process is lymphangiogenesis, which is regulated by members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and their receptors. In addition to lymphangiogenesis, it is well accepted that cancer stem cells play a significant role in metastasis. Although several types of metastasis-associated molecules have been identified, the expression of these molecules differs among esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer. This chapter will review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymph node metastasis including lymphangiogenesis and cancer stem cells in these human cancer types.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

    Naohide Oue, Yasuhiko Kitadai & Wataru Yasui

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  1. Naohide Oue
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  2. Yasuhiko Kitadai
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  3. Wataru Yasui
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Correspondence to Wataru Yasui .

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  1. Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima, Japan

    Shoji Natsugoe

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Oue, N., Kitadai, Y., Yasui, W. (2019). Molecular Mechanisms of Lymph Node Metastasis. In: Natsugoe, S. (eds) Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4699-5_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4699-5_3

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