Abstract
In this chapter, the performance of the blended cement mortar with carbonated solid wastes, including physico-chemical properties, morphology, mineralogy, compressive strength, and autoclave soundness, is illustrated. The specification of performance testing for constriction materials with carbonated solid waste is also provided. In general, a high carbonation conversion of solid waste exhibits a higher mechanical strength in the early stage than pure Portland cement mortar. Moreover, the mortar with carbonated solid waste generally possesses superior soundness to the mortar using fresh solid waste. Since the chemistry of the cement hydrations is complicated and has not been completely clear, the principles and mechanisms of performance enhancement due to the use of carbonated waste in blended cement system are reviewed and discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Crossin E (2015) The greenhouse gas implications of using ground granulated blast furnace slag as a cement substitute. J Clean Prod 95:101–108. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.082
Mo L, Zhang F, Deng M (2015) Effects of carbonation treatment on the properties of hydrated fly ash-MgO-Portland cement blends. Constr Build Mater 96:147–154. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.193
Chusilp N, Jaturapitakkul C, Kiattikomol K (2009) Effects of LOI of ground bagasse ash on the compressive strength and sulfate resistance of mortars. Constr Build Mater 23(12):3523–3531. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.046
Caldarone MA, Taylor PC, Detwiler RJ, Bhidé SB (2005) Guide specification for high performance concrete for bridges, 1st edn. Portland Cement Association, Canada
Paris JM, Roessler JG, Ferraro CC, DeFord HD, Townsend TG (2016) A review of waste products utilized as supplements to Portland cement in concrete. J Clean Prod 121:1–18. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.013
Wilson ML, Kosmatka SH (2011) Design and control of concrete mixtures. In: High-performance concrete, 15th edn. Portland Cement Association, Washington, DC, p 299
Zhang T, Yu Q, Wei J, Li J, Zhang P (2011) Preparation of high performance blended cements and reclamation of iron concentrate from basic oxygen furnace steel slag. Resour Conserv Recycl 56(1):48–55. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.09.003
Monkman S, Shao Y, Shi C (2009) Carbonated ladle slag fines for carbon uptake and sand substitute. J Mater Civ Eng 21:657–665. doi:10.1061//asce/0899-1561/2009/21:11/657
Wu HZ, Chang J, Pan ZZ, Cheng X (2009) Carbonate steelmaking slag to manufacture building materials. Adv Mater Res 79–82:1943–1946. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.79-82.1943
Pan S-Y, Chang EE, Chiang P-C (2012) CO2 capture by accelerated carbonation of alkaline wastes: a review on its principles and applications. Aerosol Air Qual Res 12:770–791. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.06.0149
Pan S-Y, Chiang A, Chang E-E, Lin Y-P, Kim H, Chiang P-C (2015) An innovative approach to integrated carbon mineralization and waste utilization: A review. Aerosol Air Qual Res 15:1072–1091. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2014.10.02
Pan SY, Chen YH, Chen CD, Shen AL, Lin M, Chiang PC (2015) High-gravity carbonation process for enhancing CO2 fixation and utilization exemplified by the steelmaking industry. Environ Sci Technol 49(20):12380–12387. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b02210
Pan S-Y, Hung C-H, Chan Y-W, Kim H, Li P, Chiang P-C (2016) Integrated CO2 fixation, waste stabilization, and product utilization via high-gravity carbonation process exemplified by circular fluidized bed fly ash. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4(6):3045–3052. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00014
Taylor GD (1991) Construction materials. Longman Group, UK
ASTM C 595/C 595 M-15 (2015) Standard specification for blended hydraulic cements. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohochen, PA
CNS 3590-1988 (1988) Method of test for normal consisteney of hydraulic cement. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan (ROC)
CNS 786-1983 (1983) Method of test for time of setting of hydraulic cement by vicat needle. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan (ROC)
CNS 61-R2001 (2011) Portland cement. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan (ROC)
Motz H, Geiseler J (2001) Products of steel slags an opportunity to save natural resources. Waste Manag 21:285–293
Neville AM (2002) Properties of concrete. Pitman Pub
Gao JP (2008) Steel slag stability test method-the key technologies of steel slag used in the building materials domain. Metall Stand Qual (in Chinese) 46(6):25–29
Yi H, Xu G, Cheng H, Wang J, Wan Y, Chen H (2012) An overview of utilization of steel slag. Procedia Environ Sci 16:791–801. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2012.10.108
Ogawa S, Nozaki T, Yamada K, Hirao H, Hooton RD (2012) Improvement on sulfate resistance of blended cement with high alumina slag. Cem Concr Res 42(2):244–251. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.09.008
Hoshino S, Yamada K, Hirao H (2007) XRD/Rietveld analysis of the hydration and strength development of slag and limestone blended cement. J Adv Concr Technol 4(3):357–367
Kourounis S, Tsivilis S, Tsakiridis PE, Papadimitriou GD, Tsibouki Z (2007) Properties and hydration of blended cements with steelmaking slag. Cem Concr Res 37(6):815–822. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.03.008
C150/C150 M A (2015) Standard specification for portland cement. Annual book of ASTM standards. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials, New York
Justnes H (2012) Alternative low-CO2 “Green” clinkering processes. In: Broekmans MATM, Pollmann H (eds) Reivews in mineralogy & geochemistry, vol 74., Applied mineralogy of cement & concreteMinerological Society of America Virginia, USA, pp 83–99
Rajput RK (2007) Cement. In: Engineering material. S. Chand & Company Ltd., Delhi
Magistri M, Recchi P, Forni P (2015) Optimization in the use if cement additives: effect of gypsum dehydration on the reactivity of performance enhancers. Mapei SpA, Italy
Harrigan ET (2013) Measuring cement particle size and surface area by laser diffraction. Research results digest. National Cooperative Highway Research Program
Shi CJ, Qian JS (2000) High performance cementing materials from industrial slags—a review. Resour Conserv Recy 29(3):195–207
Birat J-P (2009) Steel and CO2—the ULCOS program, CCS and mineral carbonation using steelmaking slag. In: 1st International Slag Valorisation Symposium, Leuven
ASTM C 311-11b (2011) Standard test methods for sampling and testing fly ash or natural pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohochen, PA
ASTM C 618 (2001) Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in concrete. Annual Book of ASTM standards, vol ASTM C 618-2001. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohochen, PA
Kurdiwski W (2014) Cement and concrete chemistry. Springer, New York London. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7945-7
Hawkins P, Tennis P, Detwiler R (2003) The use of limestone in portland: a state-of-the-art review. Portland Cement Association, USA
Luz AP, Pandolfelli VC (2012) CaCO3 addition effect on the hydration and mechanical strength evolution of calcium aluminate cement for endodontic applications. Ceram Int 38(2):1417–1425. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.09.021
NIEA R201.14C (2009) Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. vol 0980070269. Environmental Analysis Laboratory, EPA, Taiwan (ROC)
USEPA (1992) Test methods for evaluating solid waste, Physical/Chemical Methods. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA
Bentz DP, Sato T, De la Varga I, Weiss WJ (2012) Fine limestone additions to regulate setting in high volume fly ash mixtures. Cement Concr Compos 34(1):11–17
Bentz DP (2014) Activation energies of high-volume fly ash ternary blends: hydration and setting. Cement Concr Compos 53:214–223
Bentz DP, Ardani A, Barrett T, Jones SZ, Lootens D, Peltz MA, Sato T, Stutzman PE, Tanesi J, Weiss WJ (2015) Multi-scale investigation of the performance of limestone in concrete. Constr Build Mater 75:1–10
Gurney LR, Bentz DP, Sato T, Weiss WJ (2012) Reducing set retardation in high-volume fly ash mixtures with the use of limestone. Transp Res Record: J Transp Res Board 2290(1):139–146
Pang B, Zhou Z, Xu H (2015) Utilization of carbonated and granulated steel slag aggregate in concrete. Constr Build Mater 84:454–467
Liang XJ, Ye ZM, Chang J (2012) Early hydration activity of composite with carbonated steel slag. J Chin Ceram Soc (in Chinese) 40(2):228–233
Zajac M, Rossberg A, Le Saout G, Lothenbach B (2014) Influence of limestone and anhydrite on the hydration of Portland cements. Cement Concr Compos 46:99–108. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.11.007
ASTM C 39 (2001) Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohochen, PA, USA
Tan Z (2012) Chemical reaction of limestone with C3S and C3A
Lothenbach B, Le Saout G, Gallucci E, Scrivener K (2008) Influence of limestone on the hydration of Portland cements. Cem Concr Res 38:848–860. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.01.002
Thongsanitgarn P, Wongkeo W, Chaipanich A, Poon CS (2014) Heat of hydration of Portland high-calcium fly ash cement incorporating limestone powder: effect of limestone particle size. Constr Build Mater 66:410–417. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.060
Chi J, Huang R, Yang C (2002) Effects of carbonation on mechanical properties and durability of concrete using accelerated testing method. J Mar Sci Technol 10:14–20
Wu HZ, Chang J, Pan ZZ, Cheng X (2011) Effects of carbonation on steel slag products. Adv Mater Res 177:485–488. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.177.485
Stark J, Freyburg E, Lohmer K Investigation into the influence of limestone additions to portland cement clinker phases on the early phase of hydration. In: Dhir RK, Dyer TD (eds) International conference on modern concrete materials: binders, additions and admixtures, London, 1999. Thomas Telford
Fernandez Bertos M, Simons SJ, Hills CD, Carey PJ (2004) A review of accelerated carbonation technology in the treatment of cement-based materials and sequestration of CO2. J Hazard Mater 112(3):193–205. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.04.019
Haecker C-J, Garboczi E, Bullard J, Bohn R, Sun Z, Shah S (2005) Modeling the linear elastic properties of Portland cement paste. Cem Concr Res 35:1948–1960
Mahoutian M, Shao Y, Mucci A, Fournier B (2014) Carbonation and hydration behavior of EAF and BOF steel slag binders. Mater Struct 48:3075–3085
Matschei T, Glasser FP (2010) Temperature dependence, 0 to 40 °C, of the mineralogy of Portland cement paste in the presence of calcium carbonate. Cem Concr Res 40(5):763–777. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.11.010
Bentz DP, Jones SZ, Peltz MA, Stutzman PE (2015) Influence of internal curing on properties and performance of cement-based repair materials. Nat Inst Stan Technol. doi:10.6028/nist.ir.8076
Kurdowski W (2014) Cement hydration. In: Cement and concrete chemistry. Springer, New York. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7945-7_4
Setién J, Hernández D, González JJ (2009) Characterization of ladle furnace basic slag for use as a construction material. Constr Build Mater 23:1788–1794. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.10.003
Wu HC, Zhou H, Ding L, Tan WJ, Liu M, Chang J (2010) Performance evaluation of carbonated steel slag blended with cement. Cement 2:6–9
Rashad AM, Seleem HEDH (2014) A study on high strength concrete with moderate cement content incorporating limestone powder. Build Res J 61(1):43–58. doi:10.2478/brj-2014-0004
Martin LHJ, Winnefeld F, Müller CJ, Lothenbach B (2015) Contribution of limestone to the hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement. Cement Concr Compos 62:204–211. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.07.005
Pan SY, Chiang PC, Chen YH, Chen CD, Lin HY, Chang EE (2013) Systematic approach to determination of maximum achievable capture capacity via leaching and carbonation processes for alkaline steelmaking wastes in a rotating packed bed. Environ Sci Technol 47(23):13677–13685. doi:10.1021/es403323x
Santos RM, Van Bouwel J, Vandevelde E, Mertens G, Elsen J, Van Gerven T (2013) Accelerated mineral carbonation of stainless steel slags for CO2 storage and waste valorization: effect of process parameters on geochemical properties. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 17:32–45. doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.04.004
Tian B, Cohen MD (2000) Does gypsum formation during sulfate attack on concrete lead to expansion? Cem Concr Res 30:117–123
Hossack AM, Thomas MDA (2015) Varying fly ash and slag contents in Portland limestone cement mortars exposed to external sulfates. Constr Build Mater 78:333–341. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.030
Bodor M, Santos RM, Cristea G, Salman M, Cizer Ö, Iacobescu RI, Chiang YW, van Balen K, Vlad M, van Gerven T (2016) Laboratory investigation of carbonated BOF slag used as partial replacement of natural aggregate in cement mortars. Cement Concr Compos 65:55–66. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.10.002
Zhang T, Yu Q, Wei J, Zhang P (2011) A new gap-graded particle size distribution and resulting consequences on properties of blended cement. Cement Concr Compos 33(5):543–550. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.02.013
Zhang T, Yu Q, Wei J, Zhang P, Chen P (2011) A gap-graded particle size distribution for blended cements: Analytical approach and experimental validation. Powder Technol 214(2):259–268. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2011.08.018
Zhang T, Gao P, Luo R, Wei J, Yu Q (2014) Volumetric deformation of gap-graded blended cement pastes with large amount of supplementary cementitious materials. Constr Build Mater 54:339–347. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.053
Arora A, Sant G, Neithalath N (2016) Ternary blends containing slag and interground/blended limestone: Hydration, strength, and pore structure. Constr Build Mater 102:113–124. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.179
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chiang, PC., Pan, SY. (2017). Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) in Cement Mortar. In: Carbon Dioxide Mineralization and Utilization. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3268-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3268-4_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3267-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3268-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)