Skip to main content

Abstract

A new high speed Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) pixel readout circuitry consuming a small area is proposed. The whole schematic is designed using Silterra 0.18 \(\mu \)m CMOS technology and consists of 12 small-sized MOSFETs that are one-third smaller than other solutions. The time taken to capture an image of the inner body is better than that in the literature, although the same input current is used. Simulation result shows that at the minimum input current of 3 nA, the image for the three pixels at the same row can be obtained clearly at every clock cycle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kleinfelder S, Lim SH, Liu X, El Gamal A (2001) A 10000 frames/s CMOS digital pixel sensor. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits 36(12):2049–2059

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rocha JG, Minas G, Lanceros-Mendez S (2010) Pixel readout circuit for X-ray imagers. IEEE Sens J 10(11):1740–1745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Fernandes AV, Cardoso VF, Rocha JG, Cabral J, Minas G (2008) Smart-optical detector CMOS array for biochemical parameters analysis in physiological fluids. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 55(9):3192–3200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kang SM, Leblebici Y (2005) CMOS digital integrated circuit: analysis and design, 3rd ed. Mc Graw Hill

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jang H, Park SE, Hwang SJ, Choi CH, Hwang J (2011) Hole based CMOS active pixel sensor for medical x-ray imaging. In: Nuclear science symposium and medical imaging conference (NSS/MIC), 2011 IEEE, pp 1060–1260, 23–29 Oct 2011

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rocha JG, Dias RA, Goncalves L, Minas G, Ferreira A, Costa CM, Lanceros-Mendez S (2009) X-ray image detector based on light guides and scintillators. IEEE Sens J 9(9):1154–1159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sawan M, Trpanier A, Trpanier J-L, Audet Y, Ghannoum R (2006) A new CMOS multimode digital pixel sensor dedicated to an implantable visual cortical stimulator. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 49(2):187–197

    Google Scholar 

  8. Silva PM, Correia V, Lanceros Mendez S, Rocha JG (2009) Sigma-delta A/D converter for CMOS image sensors. In: 2009 international conference on microelectronics (ICM), pp 94–97, 19-22 Dec 2009

    Google Scholar 

  9. William MJ, Rutschow CM (1992) All-digital monolithic scanning readout based on sigma-delta analog-to-digital conversion. In: Aerospace Sensing, international society for optics and photonics, pp 239–246

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fowler B, El Gamal A, Yang DXD (1994) A CMOS area image sensor with pixel-level A/D conversion. In: 1994 IEEE InternationalSolid-state circuits conference digest of technical papers, 41st ISSCC, pp. 226–227, 16–18 Feb 1994

    Google Scholar 

  11. Silva J, Lanceros-Mendez S, Minas G, Rocha JG (2007) CMOS X-ray image sensor array. In: 14th IEEE international conference on electronics, circuits and systems, ICECS 2007, pp 1067–1070, 11–14 Dec 2007

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia, under grant number 304/PCEDEC/60312045 and 304/PCEDEC/60310038. The authors express their sincerest appreciation to all group members, Silterra Malaysia Sdn Bhd., and Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nuha Binti A. Rhaffor .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this paper

Cite this paper

Rhaffor, N.B.A., Zawawi, R.B.A., Mohd, S.B.K.K., Manaf, A.B.A., Sidek, O.B. (2017). A New Pixel Readout Circuit for X-Ray Image Sensor. In: Ibrahim, H., Iqbal, S., Teoh, S., Mustaffa, M. (eds) 9th International Conference on Robotic, Vision, Signal Processing and Power Applications. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 398. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1721-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1721-6_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1719-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1721-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics