Abstract
In 1967, ignited by the “Cultural Revolution” in the Chinese mainland, the left wing in Hong Kong launched a series of demonstration and destructive strike in streets and factories. Most citizens in Hong Kong were once political and economic refugees, who were eager to live in an affluent and peaceful life. The violence and conflict could not win supports from the majority of people.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Booklet of “Property Model Exhibition”, The Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong (1966).
- 2.
- 3.
Data of Sun Hong Kai, see its company website, http://www.shkp.com/en-US/. Accessed 27 May 2015.
- 4.
World Architecture, London: The Builder Group, Issue No. 81, January 2000. The ranking is mainly for design firms, and in some years it also ranked the building related industry.
- 5.
The worlds’ billionaires, Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/. Accessed 27 May 2015.
- 6.
We count from the ten years’ publication of the magazine The Hongkong & Far East Builder. For the detailed counting, see Chan (2016).
- 7.
Our investigation was conducted in February 2016. 40 residents from each island of Discovery Bay and Park Island were surveyed, totally 80 people. Around half of the subjects lived in the area less than five years, one quarter lived longer than ten years. See Yuan (2016). Before 2009, no taxi was allowed in Ma Wan Island. The criticism of external traffic existed for a long time. The outcome is that government gradually allows more buses and taxi to enter the island. This is from the author’s investigation during 2006–2010.
- 8.
The housing affordability data was issued by Demographia in the US, see http://www.guancha.cn/local/2014_01_23_201666.shtml. Accessed 31 May 2015. For the figure in Hong Kong in 2015, that means a family can buy a unit of average size and quality with 19 years’ income without any other expenditure. That unit may be 50–60 m2 in gross floor area. In most states of the US, this ratio is around 3, and the house size is around three times that of Hong Kong.
- 9.
The description of the shopping malls in this section is from the author’s own investigation. The floor area and site area data are from Wikipedia or the owners’ websites.
References
Census and Statistics Department. (2011). Population census. Thematic Report: Household Income Distribution in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government.
Chan, C. K. (2016). Architectural publication in Hong Kong: A study of Hong Kong’s architectural history in the 1960s. Undergraduate graduation thesis, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Cheung, G. K. W. (2009). Hong Kong’s watershed: The 1967 riots. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Cuthbert, A., & McKinnell, K. (2001). Public domain, private interest—Social space in Hong Kong. In P. Miao (Ed.), Public places of Asia Pacific countries: Current issues and strategies (pp. 191–214). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Feng, B. (2001). Hundred years of real estate property in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Ltd. 冯邦彦 (2001). 香港地产业百年. 香港:三联书店.
Harvey, D. (2006). Spaces of global capitalism—Towards a theory of uneven geographical development. London and New York: Verso.
HTA, Levitt Bernstein, Pollard/Thomas/Edwards & PRP. (2015). Super density—The sequel. London: HTA, Levitt Bernstein, Pollard/Thomas/Edwards and PRP.
Krier, R. (1979). Urban space. New York: Rizzoli International Publications Inc.
Miao, P. (Ed.). (2001). Public places of Asia Pacific countries: Current issues and strategies. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Poon, A. (2010). Land and ruling class in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Tian Chuan Chubanshe.
Saxon, R. (1986). Atrium building: Development and design. London: Architectural Press.
The Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong. (1966). Property model exhibition. Hong Kong: The Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong.
Welsh, F. (2010). A history of Hong Kong. London: HarperCollins Press.
Will, B.F. (1978). Chapter 5: Housing design and construction methods. In L. S. K. Wong (Ed.), Housing in Hong Kong—A multi-disciplinary study (pp. 91–127). Hong Kong: Heinemann Education Books (Asia) Ltd.
Xue, C. Q. L., & Manuel, K. K. K. (2001). Chapter 8: The quest for better public space: A critical review of urban Hong Kong. In P. Miao (Ed.), Public places of Asia Pacific countries: Current issues and strategies (pp. 171–190). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Yuan, W. T. (2016). Living in the island—A study of Discovery Bay and Park Island. Bachelor degree thesis, City University of Hong Kong.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Xue, C.Q.L. (2016). Serving the Middle Class—Private Housing and Shopping Mall. In: Hong Kong Architecture 1945-2015. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1004-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1004-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1003-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1004-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)