Abstract
The chapter traces a history of contestation over different ways of constructing a ‘problem’ with Danish universities, each presuming a different ‘solution’. The passing of the 2003 university law was a brief hiatus in this process of contestation, when a political alliance formed around some Danish members of the international epistemic community and the national interest network that was able to assert its version of the future university and make it stick. This chapter analyses a corpus of documents concerning university reform to show how this moment came into being. It traces how the alliance emerged, and how they asserted, gained dominance for, and inscribed in law a roughly agreed discourse about the instrumental, economic purpose of the university and its role in a future global knowledge economy. There were three related policy narratives about Danish universities that came together in the 2003 law, and the chapter investigates the process of contestation over these narratives during three decades. The analysis shows how (1) universities emerged as central institutions in driving the Danish knowledge economy, how (2) universities became embedded in the agenda to reform the Danish state along New Public Management lines, and finally how (3) different ideas of how to manage ‘knowledge organizations’ and ‘knowledge workers’ influenced debates about university leadership. We show in the chapter how a dominant bloc of policy actors, joining diverse political parties, industry interests and industrial unions emerged around the universities in the late 1990s. This bloc made their meanings of the keywords that defined each of the three problems stick, while other images of the university were temporarily sidelined. However, as we show, tensions between the arguments in the three problem definitions were inherent in the law text, and the sidelined arguments resurfaced again as actors engaged in redefining the meaning of the university after the passage of the law.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
Later ‘industry’ was replaced by ‘value creation and welfare of Danish society’ as a way of claiming that industry is part of a social whole (Interview with ATV). Note: the 2003 University Law refers to ‘society’ instead of industry, showing that the elision worked.
- 3.
This is a building metaphor, evoking the three wings of barns around a traditional Danish farm house.
- 4.
Proposed reforms to budget and administrative systems (including marketisation and contracting out, which were dropped as too much of a hot potato) were developed by the Social Democratic government which fell in 1982 and largely taken up by Schlüter’s Conservative-Liberal coalition (1982–1992) which launched a ‘modernization programme for the public sector’ in 1983. Nyrup Rasmussen’s Social Democratic government (1993–2001) continued with ‘A New Perspective on the Public Sector in 1993, and the Liberal-Conservative coalition of Fogh Rasmussen (2001–2009) launched ‘Citizens at the Wheel’ in 2002, a ‘Structural Reform’ of local government in 2004, and the ‘Quality Reform’ in 2007.
- 5.
There were 7 statslige fristyrelser in 1992 and 26 by 1996 (Finance Ministry 1996: section 1.2). The Danish use of principal-agent theory is said to come from the UK, but in the UK this is called ‘the Swedish model’, as they went to study Sweden’s centuries-old system of independent agencies, as a result of which Sweden has now begun to reinterpret its agencies in New Public Management terms (Sahlin-Andersson 2000: 12).
- 6.
Parliament is notably not involved in setting performance targets, and there has been a shift of power from Parliament to Ministers and the government (Thorn and Lyndrup 2006: 6).
- 7.
According to an interview with a Humanties professor, the latter argument derived from the oil crisis in the 1970s, which happened soon after the new democratic system was set up and before the universities had worked out how to operate it. Government asked the universities to make cuts and when they refused on principle, they got a reputation for not being able to make difficult decisions or act ‘responsibly’.
- 8.
Lecturer Erik Nilsson from the Danish Technical University was a member of this committee. He co-authored with Bertel Haarder, the Liberal Party Minister of Education (1982–1992) the book ‘Neo-liberalism and its roots’ (Haarder et al. 1982).
- 9.
Although in the view of some liberals and conservatives, the role of universities was not to further a democratic culture in future generations of citizens, public servants and leaders of Danish society, this was not uncontested. The Education Ministry (1997b) argued that democracy has to be constantly nurtured and education should support this process.
- 10.
The Council had nine members, with six senior managers of private companies, consultancies or national research centres, and three from universities.
- 11.
In an interview for this project on 19 November 2007, the senior liberal politician, Bertel Haarder, who as Minister for Education had reformed many other institutions in the education sector in line with ‘new public management’, said that the governance and management model of the 2003 University was inspired by the Danish high schools and not industrial manufacturing.
- 12.
The members of the Danish Research Commission were Leo Bjørnskov (Chair, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Information Technology and Research), Ninna Wurtzen (Chair from 1 November 2000, Governor of Fyn), Lauritz Holm-Nielsen (Vice-chair, World Bank), Torsten Freloft (Managing Director, Sophion Bioscience), Ellen Hauge (Århus University Hospital), Kirsten Hvenegård-Lassen (PhD student, Copenhagen University), Arne Jensen (Managing Director, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences), Aase Lindahl (Chief Librarian, University of Southern Denmark). Lars Mathiassen (Professor, Aalborg University), Hans Siggaard-Jensen (Professor, Copenhagen Business School and Learning Lab Denmark), Birthe Skands (Development Manager, Vikas A/S), Nina Smith (Professor, Aarhus Business School), Henrik Tvarnø (Rector, University of Southern Denmark, from July 2001 Secretary General, The Danish Parliament).
- 13.
In addition, we have noticed that several statements in Dansk Industri reports reflect hearsay and surmise, rather than research. For example, ‘Institute boards are often talked about as awful leaders’ (Dansk Industri 2000: 18). It then surmised that if department and study leaders are chosen by colleagues they must have weak legitimacy and too many unpopular decisions will never get taken because ‘who wants to make uncomfortable decisions about colleagues research and teaching when after 4 years you’ll be an equal colleague again’ (Dansk Industri 2000: 19).
- 14.
This law also reformed education programmes, and introduced the Bologna degree and modular structures to Denmark, but this is not mentioned at all in the Memorandum’s introduction and only explained in a later section.
- 15.
Danisco, Arla, Novo Nordisk, Grundfos, Topsøe, Novozymes, Mærsk (Rasmussen 2004: 9).
- 16.
This maybe reflects an argument from Dansk Industri that ‘the law needs to give leaders explicit competences to enter into agreements with employees about the tasks they will do for the institute or faculty in a set period of time’ (Dansk Industri 2000: 19).
- 17.
Note: The list contains the documents that have been assembled and used in the analysis for this chapter. The documents were produced by government, political parties, lobby organisations, professional associations, unions, and academics during debates over reforms to universities and the public sector. The corpus includes newspaper articles written by politicians and academics active in the issue network, but we have not made a completely comprehensive search of all articles concerning universities in the national newspapers.
References
Andersen, P. B. (Ed.). (2003). Research management processes in the context of changing research policies: Development contracts and management reforms at danish universities (Report no. 2003/9). Århus: The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy.
Asad, T. (1979). Anthropology and the Analysis of Ideology. Man, 14, 607–627.
Bacchi, C. (2000). Policy as discourse: What does it mean? Where does it get us? Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 21(1), 45–57.
Bacchi, C. (2004). Policy and discourse: Challenging the construction of affirmative action as preferential treatment. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(1), 128–146.
Ball, S. (1990). Politics and policy making in education. London: Routledge.
Brenneis, D. (2008). Regimes of recognition: Metrics, models, and academic charisma. Paper given at the conference ‘Legal Knowledge and Anthropological Engagement, in Honour of Marilyn Strathern’ on 3–4 October at Newnham College, Cambridge.
Brenneis, D. (2009). Anthropology in and of the Academy: Globalization, assessment, and our field’s future. Social Anthropology, 17(3), 261–275.
Brenner, N. (2004). Urban governance and the production of new state spaces in Western Europe, 1960–2000. Review of International Political Economy, 11(3), 447–488.
Cerny, P. (1990). The changing architecture of politics: Structure, agency and the future of the state. London: Sage.
Cohen, M., & March, J. (1974). Leadership and ambiguity: The American College President. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Colebatch, H. (2002[1997]). Policy (2nd ed.). Buckingham: Open University Press.
Ejersbo, N., & Greve, C. (2005). Public Management Policymaking in Denmark 1983–2005, IIM/LSE Workshop on Theory and Methods for Studying Organisational Processes: Institutional, Narrative and Related Approaches. London School of Economics.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1997). Universities and the global knowledge economy: A triple helix of university-industry-government relations. London: Casell.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. London: Longman.
Fairclough, N. (2004). Analysing discourse. Textual analysis for social research. Abingdon: Routledge.
Fairclough, N., & Fairclough, I. (2012). Political discourse analysis: A method for advanced students. London: Routledge.
Fairclough, N., & Fairclough, I. (2013). Argument, deliberation, dialectic and the nature of the political. A CDA perspective, preprint available at https://www.academia.edu/3778088/Symposium_on_Political_Discourse_Analysis_2013_. Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Fairclough, N., Jessop, B., & Sayer, A. (2004). Critical realism and semiosis. In J. Joseph & J. Roberts (Eds.), Realism, discourse and deconstruction (pp. 23–42). London: Routledge.
Finlayson, A. (2013). Critique and political argumentation. Political Studies Review, 11(1), 313–320.
Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., & Trow, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge, the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London: Sage.
Gramsci, A. ([Written 1929–1935] 1992). Prison notebooks (Joseph A. Buttigieg, Ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.
Graversen, E., & Mark, M. (2005). Forskning og udviklingsarbejdes påvirkning af produktivitet og beskæftigelse. Aarhus: Danish Centre for Analysis of Research Policy. http://ufm.dk/publikationer/2005/forskning-og-udviklingsarbejdes-pavirkning-af-produktivitet-og-beskaeftigelse Accessed 19 July 2016.
Graversen, E., Lauridsen, P. S., & Mortensen, P. S. (2003). Danish enterprise Managers’ perceptions of research, development and innovation (in Danish). Århus: Danish Centre for Analysis of Research Policy.
Hanne, M. (2014). An introduction to the ‘Warring with Words’ project. In M. Hanne, W. Crano, & J. S. Mio (Eds.), Warring with words (pp. 1–50). London: Psychology Press.
Hansen, E. (2006). Histories of RUC – Roskilde University Centre (Working papers in university reform no 3). Copenhagen: Danish School of Education, University of Århus.
Hansen, B. G. (2011). Adapting in the knowledge economy: Lateral strategies for scientists and those who study them. PhD thesis, Copenhagen Business School.
Hood, C. (1991). A Public Management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69, 3–19.
Jensen, H. S. (2010, April). The organisation of the university (Working papers on university reform no. 14). Copenhagen: Danish School of Education, Aarhus University. http://edu.au.dk/fileadmin/www.dpu.dk/forskning/forskningsprogrammer/epoke/workingpapers/WP_14.pdf. Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Leadbetter, C. (1999). Living on thin air: The new economy. London: Penguin.
Lundvall, B.-Å. (Ed.). (1992). National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London: Pinter Publishers.
Lundvall, B.-Å. (2001). Universiteter i den lærende økonomi. In P. Maskell & H. S. Jensen (Eds.), Universiteter i fremtiden – universiteter og videnssamfundet (pp. 51–90). Copenhagen: Rektorkollegiet.
Lundvall, B.-Å. (2006). The university in the learning economy (DRUID working paper no. 02–06). Aalborg: University of Aalborg, Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics.
Lundvall, B.-Å., & Johnson, B. (1994). The learning economy. Journal of Industry Studies, 1(2), 23–42.
Mintzberg, H. (1983). Structure in fives – Designing effective organizations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Osborne, D., & Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing government: How the entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the public sector. New York: Plume.
Pal, L. (2008). Inversions without end: The OECD and global public management reform. In R. Mahon & S. McBride (Eds.), The OECD and transnational governance (pp. 60–76). Vancouver: UBC Press.
Pedersen, O. K. (2011). Konkurrencestaten. Copenhagen: Hans Reitzels Forlag.
Pollitt, C., Bathgate, K., Caulfield, J., Smullen, A., & Talbot, C. (2001). Agency fever? Analysis of an international policy fashion. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 3, 271–290.
Porter, M. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. New York: Free Press.
Reich, R. (1991). The work of nations. New York: Vintage Books.
Sahlin-Andersson, K. (2000). National, international and transnational constructions of new public management (Score report series no. 2000: 4). Stockholm: Stockholm University, Center for Organisational Research (SCORE). http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.473.9025&rep=rep1&type=pdf. . Accessed 24 Sept 2016.
Schmidt, E. K. (2003). Science and society – Building bridges of excellence. Perceptions on the interaction between public research and enterprises (Report no. 2003/6). Aarhus: Analyseinstitut for Forskning.
Schmidt, E. K. (2008). Research Management and Policy: Incentives and obstacles to a better public-private interaction. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 21(6), 623–636.
Shore, C., & Wright, S. (1997). Policy: A New field of Anthropology. In C. Shore & S. Wright (Eds.), Anthropology of policy: Critical perspectives on governance and power (pp. 3–39). London: Routledge.
Shore, C., & Wright, S. (2011). Conceptualising policy: Technologies of governance and the politics of visibility. In C. Shore, S. Wright, & D. Peró (Eds.), Policy worlds: Anthropology and the anatomy of contemporary power (EASA series) (pp. 1–25). Oxford: Berghahn.
Thompson, J. B. (1984). Studies in the theory of ideology. Cambridge: Polity.
Williams, R. (1976). Keywords. A vocabulary of culture and society. London: Fontana Paperbacks.
Wright, S. (2005). Processes of social transformation: An anthropology of English higher education policy. In J. Krejsler, N. Kryger, & J. Milner (Eds.), Pædagogisk Antropologi – et Fag I Tilblivelse (pp. 185–218). København: Danmarks Pædagogiske Universitets Forlag.
Wright, S. (2014). ‘Humboldt’ Humbug! Contemporary mobilizations of “Humboldt’ as a discourse to support the corporatization and marketization of universities and to disparage alternatives. In T. Karlsohn, & P. Josephson, & J. Ostling (Eds.) The humboldtian tradition – Origins and legacies, (pp. 143–163). Leiden: Brill.
Wright, S. (2015). Anthropology and the ‘imaginators’ of future European universities. Focaal, 71(Spring), 6–17.
Wright, S., & Ørberg, J. W. (2008). Autonomy and control: Danish university reform in the context of modern governance. Learning and Teaching: International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences, 1(1), 27–57.
Wright, S., & Ørberg, J. W. (2011). The double shuffle of university reform – The OECD/Denmark policy interface. In A. Nyhagen & T. Halvorsen (Eds.), Academic identities – Academic challenges? American and European experience of the transformation of higher education and research (pp. 269–293). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholar Press.
Wright, S., & Reinhard, S. (2011). ‘Studying through’: A strategy for studying political transformations. Or sex, lies and British politics. In C. Shore, S. Wright, & D. Peró (Eds.), Policy worlds: Anthropology and the anatomy of contemporary power (EASA series) (pp. 86–104). Oxford: Berghahn.
Zarefsky, D. (2001). Argumentation and argument fields. In T. Sloane (Ed.), Encyclopedia of rhetoric (pp. 33–40). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ørberg, J. W. (2006) Trust in Universities – Parliamentary debates on the 2003 University Law (Working papers on university reform no. 2). Copenhagen: Danish University of Education. http://pure.au.dk/portal/files/159/Working_Paper_2__Trust_in_Universities__08_11_06_1_.pdf. Accessed 30 Sept 2016.
Ørberg, J. W. (2007). Who Speaks for the University? Legislative Frameworks for Danish University Leadership 1970–2003 (Working papers on university reform no. 22) Copenhagen: Danish University of Education. http://edu.au.dk/fileadmin/www.dpu.dk/forskning/forskningsprogrammer/epoke/workingpapers/om-dpu_institutter_paedagogisk-antropologi_new-managementx2c-new-identities_working-papers_20070611113532_working-paper-5%2D%2Dwho-speaks-for-the-university2.pdf. Accessed 30 Sept 2016.
Corpus of Documents
AC (Akademikernes Centralorganisation). (2010, November). Baggrundspapirer til AC’s vækst- og erhvervspolitik. Copenhagen: Akademikernes Centralorganisation. http://www.ac.dk/media/27661/baggrundspapir_viden.pdf. Accessed 01 Oct 2016.
Agency for Higher Education. (2014). Medbestemmelse og medinddragelse på universiteterne. Copenhagen: Styrelsen for Vidergående Uddannelser.
ATV. (1997, October). Den vanskelige balance – en bog om forskningsledelse. Lyngby: Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber.
ATV. (1998). Bedre vilkår for videnbaserede virksomheder En ATV-rapport om elementer af en dansk forsknings-, teknologi- og innovationspolitik. Lyngby: Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber. August.
ATV. (2001). Viden og velfæred – visioner for dansk forskning. Lyngby: Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber. August.
ATV. (2005). Vækst af de offentlige forskningsinvesteringer – Ny model for udmøntning af øgede ressourcer. Lyngby: Akademiet for de Tekniske Videnskaber. June.
CO-industri and Dansk Industri. (2001). Fra forskning til faktura. Copenhagen: CO-industri and Dansk Industri.
Danish Council for Research Policy. (1999, February). University governance and leadership – A proposal from the Danish council for research policy. Copenhagen: Ministry of Research and Information Policy. http://ufm.dk/en/publications/1999/files-1999/university-governance-and-leadership.pdf. Accessed 25 July 2016.
Danish Research Commission [Forskningskommissionen]. (2001a). Report volume 1. Copenhagen: IT and Research Ministry.
Danish Research Commission [Forskningskommissionen]. (2001b). Betænkning (report) volume 2. Copenhagen: IT and Research Ministry.
Danmarks Erhvervsråd. (2003). Vidensamfundet – en begrebsafklaring. http://issuu.com/katjagry/docs/vidensamfundet_-_en_begrebsafklaring. Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Dansk Industri. (1996, August). Industrien og velfærdssamfundet. Copenhagen: Dansk Industri.
Dansk Industri. (1997a). Vidensamfundet – udfordinger for industrien og uddannelsessystemet. Copenhagen: Dansk Industri. February.
Dansk Industri. (1997b, May). Vidensamfundet II – udfordinger for forskning, teknologi og produktion. Copenhagen: Dansk Industri.
Dansk Industri. (1999a, January). Fremtidens uddannelser – ny struktur og sammenhæng. Copenhagen: Dansk Industri.
Dansk Industri. (1999b, February). Videnbaseret konkurrence – udfordringer for efteruddannelsessystemet. Copenhagen: Dansk Industri.
Dansk Industri. (2000, February). Der skal to til tango – universiteterne og industrien. Copenhagen: Dansk Industri.
Dansk Industri. (2003). Frit fald eller bevidst valg? Kompetence der kan mærkes på bundlinien. Copenhagen: Dansk Industri. May.
Dansk Industri and CO-industri (Centralorganisationen af Industriansatte i Danmark). (2001, June). Fra forskning til faktura. Copenhagen: Dansk Industri.
Education Ministry. (1998). Det 21. århundredes uddannelsesinstitutioner. Debatoplæg om de videregående uddannelsers institutionelle struktur (21st Century education institutions. Discussion paper on higher education’s institutional structure). Copenhagen: Undervisningsministeriet.
Education Ministry (Undervisningsministeriet). (1973). Forslag til lov om styrelse af højere uddannelsesinstitutioner (Proposal for law to govern institutions of higher education). Copenhagen: Ministry of Education.
Education Ministry (Undervisningsministeriet). (1985). Betænkning fra udvalget til forberedelse af en revision af lov om styrelse af højere uddannelsesinstitutioner (Report from the committee for the preparation of a revised law on the governance of higher education institutions [Wandel commission]). Betænkning, no. 1055. Copenhagen: Ministry of Education.
Education Ministry (Undervisningsministeriet). (1994). Universiteter i vækst. Copenhagen: Ministry of Education.
Education Ministry (Undervisningsministeriet). (1995). Selvejende undervisningsinstitutioner. Copenhagen: Ministry of Education http://pub.uvm.dk/1998/selvej/ Accessed 23 Sept 2016.
Education Ministry (Undervisningsministeriet). (1997a). Erhvervsliv og uddannelsesinstitutioner [Business and education institutions. A report on the interplay between business and higher education institutions]. Copenhagen: Undervisningsministeriet.
Education Ministry (Undervisningsministeriet). (1997b). Redegørelse til Folketinget om denn representative demokrati i uddannelsessystemet. Copenhagen: Undervisningsministeriet. http://www.statensnet.dk/pligtarkiv/fremvis.pl?vaerkid=1042&reprid=0&filid=5&iarkiv=1. Accessed 25 July 2016.
Employment Ministry, Buisiness Ministry, Research Ministry and Education Ministry (Arbejdsministeriet, Erhvervsministeriet, Forskningsministeriet, Undervisningsministeriet). (1997). Ledelse, organisation og kompetence: Mod bedre produktivitet, velfærd og innovation i danske virksomheder i det 21. århundrede. Copenhagen: Statens Information.
EVA. (1995). The changing universities. Copenhagen: Danmarks Evaluering Insitut.
Finance Ministry (Finansministeriet). (1996). Budget 96 Redegøresle. Tillæg: Styringsformer i den offentlige sektor. Copenhagen: Ministry of Finance.
Finance Ministry (Finansministeriet). (2006, November). Aftale om udmøntning af globaliseringspuljen. http://ufm.dk/uddannelse-og-institutioner/videregaende-uddannelse/universiteter/om-universiteterne/reformer-pa-universitetsomradet-1/globaliseringspuljen_samlet_aftale.pdf Accessed 20 July 2016.
Finance Ministry (Finansministeriet). (2008). Factsheet –Denmark. Implementation of the quality reform. København: Finansministeriet.
FORSKERforum. (1997). Skindemoktrati. November. No. 108: 14.
FORSKERforum. (1999). Dandy-sagen & Rektor svigtede. December. No. 130: 6–7.
FORSKERforum. (2000a). Weiss: Fortsat medarbejderdemoktrati. Konference 29 January 2000. April No. 133: 4.
FORSKERforum. (2000b). DI: Nulforskere! April. No. 133: 5.
FORSKERforum. (2000c) Mundkurv på. June. No 135: 20.
FORSKERforum. (2000d). Århus-dekan: Frifakultet. October. No. 138: 1, 11.
FORSKERforum. (2001a). Socialdemokratiet: Ansæt rektor! August. No. 146, 1(3), 7.
FORSKERforum. (2001b). Produktion og arbejdspladser. August. No. 146: 4–5.
FORSKERforum. (2001c). Ikke udtryk for mistillid, men… September. No. 147: 8–9.
FORSKERforum. (2001d). Vestager: Time out. September. No. 147: 15.
FORSKERforum. (2001e). Minus på 850 millioner, October. No. 148: 1, 10–15.
FORSKERforum. (2001f). Ledelsesteam. October. No. 148: 3.
FORSKERforum. (2001g). Uafhængige universiteter by Mogens Ove Madsen of DJØF and Leif Søndergaard of DM. October. No. 148: 16–17.
FORSKERforum. (2001h). Hvad vil politikerne?. November. No. 149: 1.
FORSKERforum. (2001i). Ledelse igen, igen. Leder by Leif Søndergaard. November. No. 149: 2.
FORSKERforum. (2001j). Et er dokumentation, noget andet politik. November. No. 149: 20.
FORSKERforum. (2002). DF: Voldtægt af universiteterne. October. No. 158: 1.
FORSKERforum. (2010, September 17). Times-ranking: Konflikt om ranking-kriterier. http://www.forskeren.dk/times-ranking-konflikt-om-ranking-kriterier/. Accessed 20 July 2016.
FORSKERforum. (2012, October 4). World ranking 2012: Ros til danske uni’er. http://www.forskeren.dk/world-ranking-2012-ros-til-danske-uni%E2%80%99er/
Gjørup, J., Hjortdal, H., Jensen, T., Lerborg, L., Nielsen, C., Refslund, N., Suppli, J. & Winkel, J. S. (2007). Tilgiv os – vi vidste ikke, hvad vi gjorde. Politiken, 29 March. http://politiken.dk/debat/kroniken/ECE274053/tilgiv-os%2D%2D-vi-vidste-ikke-hvad-vi-gjorde/. Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Globalisation Council. (2006a). Mødemateriale fra Globaliseringsrådet 2005–2006. Copenhagen: Prime Minister’s Office (Statsministeriet) http://www.stm.dk/_p_13631.html. Accessed 24 Jan 2015.
Globalisation Council. (2006b, May). Progress, innovation, cohesion. Strategy for Denmark in the global economy – Summary. Government of Denmark. http://www.stm.dk/multimedia/PROGRESS_INNOVATION_AND_COHESION.pdf. Accessed 24 Jan 2015.
Globalisation Council. (2006c). Bilag om Globalisering, konkurrenceevne og konkurrencekraft. Baggrundsmateriale til mødet 2.-3. februar 2006. Prime Minister’s Office (Statsministeriet) http://www.stm.dk/multimedia/1_- _Faktabilag_om_globalisering_konkurrenceevne_og_konkurrencekraft.pdf. Accessed 30 Sept 2016.
Globalisation Council (Globaliseringsrådet). (2005a). Bilag om vurdering og måling af forskningskvalitet. Background material for the meeting of 8–9 December 2005. Copenhagen: Globalisation Council. http://www.stm.dk/multimedia/Faktabilag_5_forskningskvalitet.pdf Accessed 30 Sept 2016.
Globalisation Council (Globaliseringsrådet). (2005b, December 19). Bilag om erhverveslivets forskning og udviklingsarbejde. Background material for the meeting 5–6-January 2006. http://www.stm.dk/multimedia/Faktabilag_1_privat_FoU.pdf. Accessed 31 July 2016.
Government of Denmark (Regeringen). (2002). Tid til forandring for Danmarks universiteter. Styrket ledelse, øget frihed, stabil økonomi (Time for change for Denmark's universities. Strengthened leadership. greater freedom, stable economy). Copenhagen: Government of Denmark. http://ufm.dk/publikationer/2002/tid-til-forandring-for-danmarks-universiteter Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Government of Denmark (Regeringen). (2007a). Kvalitetsreform. Mødemateriale fra Kvalitetsreformudvalget 2006–2007. Prime Minister’s Office (Statsministeriet) http://www.stm.dk/_p_13641.html. Accessed 20 July 2016.
Government of Denmark (Regeringen). (2007b, August). Bedre velfærd og større arbejdsglæde. Regeringens strategi for høj kvalitet i den offentlige service. Prime Minister’s Office (Statsministeriet) http://www.stm.dk/multimedia/Bedre_velf_rd_samlet.pdf Accessed 20 July 2016.
Government of Denmark (Regeringen). (2010, February). Danmark 2020. Viden>vækst >velstand>velfæerd. Copenhagen: Regeringen. Danmark-2020_viden_vaekst_velstand_velfærd_web.pdf. Accessed 20 July 2016.
Gravesen, E., Hansen, B., Jensen, H. T., Lehmann, H., Pedersen, K., & Østrup, K. (2009). Universitets Ledelse. Copenhagen: Handelhøjskolens Forlag.
Haarder, B., Nilsson, E., & Severinsen, H. (1982). Ny-liberalismen – og dens rødder. Copenhagen: Forlaget liberal.
Hansen, K. E. (1971). Universiteternes styrelseslov (The law on university governance). Copenhagen: Gads Forlag.
Hansen, M. B., Jensen, N. L., & Rønhof, C. (2005, May). Fra viden til vækst og beskæftigelse – hvad skal der til? (From knowledge to growth and employment). Copenhagen: Central Organisationen af Industriansatte i Danmark, Akademikernes Centralorganisation and Dansk Industri. http://ac.dk/media/35496/viden_til_v_kst_og_besk_ftigelse.pdf. Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Horsten, V. (2005, May). Dansk forskning: Organisation, forvaltning, institutioner – En introduktion for bibliotekarer. Copenhagen: Danmarks Biblioteksskole. http://vip.db.dk/vh/1sem/danskforskning04.html. Accessed 15 July 2008.
Mandag Morgen. (1998). Akademikerforbund: Universiteter må tvinges til ledelsesreform. 19 October. No. 36: 5–9.
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. (2003). Nye veje mellem forskning og erhverv: fra tanke til faktura: baggrundsrapport (New routes between research and industry – from thought to invoice). Copenhagen: Ministeriet for Videnskab, Teknologi og Udvikling.
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Ministeriet for Videnskab, Teknologi og Udvikling). (2006). Milliardstyrkelse af dansk forskning. Copenhagen: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Ministeriet for Videnskab, Teknologi og Udvikling). (2009). The University Evaluation 2009 Evaluation report. Annex 7 the Danish university sector – a factual overview. Copenhagen: Universitets- og Bygningsstyrelsen. http://ufm.dk/uddannelse-og-institutioner/videregaende-uddannelse/universiteter/om-universiteterne/reformer-pa-universitetsomradet-1/universitetsevalueringen-i-2009/evaluation-report-2009-1.pdf Accessed 30 Sept 2016.
Nissan, C. S. (2007). Hvad er det, vi har gang i?. Politiken, 5 September. http://politiken.dk/debat/kroniken/ECE374233/hvad-er-det-vi-har-gang-i/ Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
OECD. (1995). Governance in transition: Public management reforms in OECD countries. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Parliament (Folketinget). (1973). Law no. 362 of June 13, 1973, on the government of institutions for higher education (Lov nr. 362 af 13. juni 1973 om styrelse af højere uddannelsesinstitutioner).
Parliament (Folketinget). (1993). Bekendtgørelse af lov om universiteter m.fl.(universitetsloven) (Announcement of law concerning universities and others (the university law), Retsinfo, http://147.29.40.90/delfin/html/a1993/0033429.htm. Accessed 31 Oct 2006.
Parliament (Folketinget). (1999). Bekendtgørelse af lov om universiteter m.fl. (universitetsloven) (Announcement of law concerning universities and others (the university law), Retsinfo, http://www.retsinfo.dk/_LINK_0/0&ACCN/A19990117729. Accessed 31 Oct 2006.
Parliament (Folketinget). (2003a). Lov om universiteter (universitetsloven) (Law on universities (the university law) LOV nr 403 af 28/05/2003 Published on 30 May 2003. Uddannelses- og Forskningsministerie https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=29143. Accessed 20 July 2016.
Parliament (Folketinget). (2003b). Almindelige bemærkninger til forslag til lov om universiteter (General notes to the draft bill on universities). Ministeriet for Videnskab, Teknologi og Udvikling https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=100418. Accessed 20 July 2016.
Parliament (Folketinget). (2003c). Betænkning over Forslag til lov om universiteter (universitetsloven) videnskabsministeren (Helge Sander). (Report on proposal for a law on universities) Published by the Committee for Science and Technology on 10 April 2003. https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=96204. Accessed 20 July 2016.
Pedersen, P. K., Sørensen, H. D., & Vestergaard, J. B. (2006). The contract management project in Denmark. In Benchmarking, evaluation and strategic management in the public sector. Paris: OECD. http://www.oecd.org/denmark/1902922.pdf. Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Rasmussen, J. G. (1995). Management in Danish universities. New legislation and organisational change. Higher Education Management, 7(3), 335–344.
Rasmussen, J. G. (1998). New rules of university governance in Denmark. Higher Education Policy, 11, 183–199.
Rasmussen, J. G. (2000a). Changes in organising and managing research in universities – reconstruction or rediscovery. Unpublished manuscript, University of Aalborg.
Rasmussen, J. G. (2000b). Managing the learning cell: Processes of change in the governance structure of universities. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Business Studies, Aalborg University.
Rasmussen, J. G. (2003). Ten years after twenty years after: Management definitely succeeds collegiality. Paper given to the 25th Annual EAIR Forum, University of Limerick, 25–27 August.
Rasmussen, J. G. (2004). Who governs the Danish universities in the knowledge society? Paper given to the 26th Annual EAIR Forum, Knowledge Society Crossroads. Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 5–8 September.
Research Ministry and Education Ministry. (2000). Udviklingskontrakter for universiteterne – sigtelinier, selvstyre og samfund. Copenhagen: Forsningsministeriet. http://www.statensnet.dk/pligtarkiv/fremvis.pl?vaerkid=12339&reprid=0&filid=6&iarkiv=1. Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Salinas, I. (1998). AC og Ministeriet. FORSKERforum (November) no. 199: 20.
Sander, H. (Ed.). (2009). Fremtidens universiteter. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
Socialdemokratiet. (2001, June). Universiteter i vidensamfundet – debatoplæg. Copenhagen: Social Democrat Party.
Socialdemokratiet. (2002a, October 11). Aftale om reform af universiteterne. Copenhagen: Analysis and Information Department, Social Democrat Party.
Socialdemokratiet. (2002b, November 7). Universitetsreform: Spørgsmål og svar. Copenhagen: Analysis and Information Department, Social Democrat Party
Socialdemokratiet. (2004). Viden og velfærd: en erhvervspolitik for fremtiden. Copenhagen: Social Democrat Party.
Thorn, K., & Lyndrup, M. (2006). The quality of public expenditure – Challenges and solutions in results focussed management in the public sector. Denmark, manuscript. Paris: OECD. http://www.oecd.org/governance/budgeting/2079003.pdf. Accessed 22 Jan 2015.
Ørum, N. (2002, December 2). Universiteter går imod reformplan. Politiken.
Østergaard, H. H. H. (1998). At tjene og forme den nye tid: Finansministeriet 1848–1998. Copenhagen: Finansministeriet.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wright, S., Ørberg, J.W. (2019). Contested Narratives of University Reform. In: Enacting the University: Danish University Reform in an Ethnographic Perspective. Higher Education Dynamics, vol 53. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1921-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1921-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-024-1919-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-024-1921-4
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)