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Russian Drifting Stations on Arctic Ice Islands

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Arctic Ice Shelves and Ice Islands

Part of the book series: Springer Polar Sciences ((SPPS))

Abstract

A summary of Russian discoveries of Arctic ice islands – peculiar tabular icebergs – is presented, complete with a chronological account of drifting stations installed on ice islands. Of 40 ‘North Pole’ drifting stations established from 1937 through 2013, six were set up on five ice islands: North Pole-6, 18/19 (same ice island), 22, 23, and 24. These ice islands served as reliable long-term research platforms as evidenced by the extensive bibliography of scientific publications based on observations made from manned ice island stations. Studies were conducted of structure and morphology of ice islands; under-ice biota; deep Arctic Ocean benthos; meteorology and climate; and oceanography. Biological collections from these ice islands are still being analyzed.

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Acknowledgments

The splendid record of the Russian manned drifting stations on Arctic ice islands owes everything to the courage, determination, skill, and vision of Russian polyarniks – specialists in all things polar – seafarers, airmen, ice observers, and scientists – who devoted their lives to Arctic exploration and research. We are deeply indebted to all of them and particularly to the crew members of the North Pole drifting stations who worked under the most trying environmental conditions to collect unique scientific data. Logistical support provided by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), St. Petersburg, during our work in the Arctic is greatly appreciated. We are especially thankful to Martin Jeffries for suggesting this chapter and to Derek Mueller and Luke Copland, editors, for encouraging us. The manuscript has been substantially improved thanks to numerous edits and comments by William Althoff, Derek Mueller, Daphne Johnson, Nikolai Kornilov, Zalman Gudkovich, Eduard Sarukhanian, Yuri Gorbunov, Vladimir Radionov, Vasily Smolyanitsky, Andrey Glazovsky, Igor Melnikov, Ksenia Kosobokova, and Yuri Yakovlev, while Alexander Merkulov, Igor Jirkov, Elena Markhaseva, and Yuri Rudyakov provided hard-to-get Russian papers. Maps in Figs. 14.3 and 14.12 were created by Daphne Johnson using the Ocean Data View software (Schlitzer 2016). Permission to reproduce figures from the “Problems of Geography” series was kindly granted by its Editor-in-Chief, Vladimir Kotlyakov. The series is freely available online courtesy of the Russian Geographical Society. For 6 months in 1977, Igor Belkin worked together with Igor Afanasyev on the best drifting station of all time – North Pole-22 – under the cheerful leadership of Igor Simonov. This chapter is dedicated to his memory, as well as the memory of Valentin Dremlyug, who inspired Sergey Kessel’s interest in ice islands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA

    Igor M. Belkin

  2. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (retired), St. Petersburg, Russia

    Sergey A. Kessel

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  1. Igor M. Belkin
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  2. Sergey A. Kessel
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Correspondence to Igor M. Belkin .

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  1. Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Luke Copland

  2. Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Derek Mueller

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Belkin, I.M., Kessel, S.A. (2017). Russian Drifting Stations on Arctic Ice Islands. In: Copland, L., Mueller, D. (eds) Arctic Ice Shelves and Ice Islands. Springer Polar Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1101-0_14

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