Skip to main content

Making Sense of Suffering: Insights from Buddhism and Critical Social Science

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
World Suffering and Quality of Life

Part of the book series: Social Indicators Research Series ((SINS,volume 56))

Abstract

In order to enrich our analytical framework for the study and alleviation of suffering, this chapter argues that there are good reasons to encourage a dialogue between Buddhism and critical social science (CSS). Although both traditions hold the reduction of suffering as fundamental, they provide different causal understandings of and recommendations for healing suffering. CSS is good at criticizing social sources of suffering, but arguably requires a constant engagement with a variety of normative discourses in order to regain clarity as to its motivations and purposes. On the other hand, although Buddhism stresses personal liberation and provides tools for addressing existential suffering, it has nevertheless historically neglected social causes of suffering. Thus, there are spaces for mutual enrichment and synthesis, as well as areas of disagreement that could potentially spur further dialogue, critique, self-critique, and reflexivity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbott, A. (2004). Methods of discovery: Heuristics for the social sciences. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R. E. (2014). Human suffering and quality of life-conceptualizing stories and statistics. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barenboim, D. (2010). Everything is connected: The power of music. London: Orion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batchelor, S. (1998). Buddhism without beliefs: A contemporary guide to awakening. New York: Riverhead Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellah, R. (2006). Max Weber and world-denying love: A look at the historical sociology of religion. In R. Bellah & S. M. Tipton (Eds.), The Robert Bellah reader (pp. 123–149). Durham/London: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellah, R. N., & Joas, H. (2012). The axial age and its consequences. Cambridge/London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bresnan, P. S. (1999). Awakenings: An introduction to the history of Eastern thought. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buswell, R. E., Jr., & Lopez, D. S., Jr. (2014). The Princeton dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callinicos, A. (2006). The resources of critique. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conze, E. (1951). Buddhism: Its essence and development. New York: Philosophical Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalai Lama. (1996). Beyond dogma: Dialogues & discourses. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalai Lama. (1999, September 27). Long trek to exile for Tibet’s apostle. Time Magazine. http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053819,00.html. Accessed 20 May 2014.

  • Dussel, E. (1998). Ética de la liberación en la edad de la globalización y la exclusion. Madrid: Trotta. English edition: Dussel, E. (2013). Ethics of liberation: In the age of globalization and exclusion (E. Mendieta, C. Pérez Bustillo, Y. Angulo, & N. Maldonado-Torres, Trans.). Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eagleton, T. (2011). Why Marx was right. New Haven/London: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farr, A. (2008). The task of dialectical thinking in the age of one-dimensionality (book review). Human Studies, 31(2), 233–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feagin, J. R., & Vera, H. (2008). Liberation sociology. Boulder/London: Paradigm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, C., & Kuyken, W. (2011). Compassion in the landscape of suffering. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 143–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, O. (2011). The Bodhisattva’s brain. Cambridge/London: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flores, R. (2014). From personal troubles to public compassion: Charity shop volunteering as a practice of care. The Sociological Review, 62(2), 383–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, A. (Ed.). (2013). The healing power meditation: Leading experts on Buddhism, psychology, and medicine explore the health benefits of contemplative practice. Boston/London: Shambhala Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jay, M. (1996). The dialectical imagination: A history of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research, 1923–1950. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, N. (2007). Against the stream. New York: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loy, D. R. (2002). A Buddhist history of the west: Studies in lack. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malkin, J. (2003, July). In engaged Buddhism, peace begins with you. Shambhala Sun. http://www.shambhalasun.com. Accessed 21 Mar 2014.

  • McClure, R. (2013). Sustaining compassion in health care, The Greater Good Science Center. http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/sustaining_compassion_in_health_care. Accessed 4 Mar 2013.

  • Namgyal, T. (2011, June 8). Dalai Lama: “I Am a Marxist, But Not a Leninist”. Religion Dispatches. University of Southern California.http://religiondispatches.org/dalai-lama-i-am-a-marxist-but-not-a-leninist/. Accessed 20 May 2014.

  • Paz, O. (1990). Pequeña crónica de grandes días. México: FCE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Queen, C. S. (Ed.). (2000). Engaged Buddhism in the west. Somerville: Wisdom Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Revel, J., & Ricard, M. (1998). The monk and the philosopher: A father and son discuss the meaning of life. London: Thorsons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricard, M. (2003). Plaidoyer pour le bonheur. Paris: NiL éditions. English edition: Ricard, M. (2008). Happiness: A guide to developing life’s most important skill (J. Browner, Trans.). New York: Hachette Digital.

    Google Scholar 

  • Safran, J. D. (Ed.). (2003). Psychoanalysis and Buddhism: An unfolding dialogue. Sommerville: Wisdom Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayer, A. (1997). Critical realism and the limits to critical social science. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 27(4), 473–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sayer, A. (2009). Who’s afraid of critical social science? Current Sociology, 57(6), 767–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sayer, A. (2011). Why things matter to people: Social science, values and ethical life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 581–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S. L., Austin, J. A., Bishop, S. R., & Cordova, M. (2005). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for health care professionals: Results from a randomized trial. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(2), 164–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smithers, S. (2012). Occupy Buddhism. Or why the Dalai Lama is a Marxist. Tricycle. http://www.tricycle.com/web-exclusive/occupy-buddhism/. Accessed 3 Feb 2014.

  • Taylor, C. (2011). What was the axial revolution? In R. Bellah & H. Joas (Eds.), The axial age and its consequences (pp. 30–46). Cambridge/London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tronto, J. C. (1993). Moral boundaries: A political argument for an ethic of care. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. (2014). Our blender brain: How mixing ideas made us human. New Scientist, Issue 2957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Arnam, B. (2013, August 8). Buddhism and Marxism. PaxMarxista: A radical forum for Marxist theory and revolutionary thought. http://paxmarxista.org/buddhism-and-marxism

  • Vera, H. (2013). Norbert Elias and Émile Durkheim: Seeds of a historical sociology of knowledge. In F. Dépelteau & T. S. Landini (Eds.), Norbert Elias and social theory (pp. 127–142). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, B. A. (2006). Contemplative science: Where Buddhism and neuroscience converge. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, B. A. (2011). Minding closely: The four applications of mindfulness. Boston and London: Snow Lion Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, A. (1999). Buddhism the religion of no-religion. Tokyo/Rutland/Singapore: Tuttle Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, I. (2005). Suffering: A sociological introduction. Indianapolis: Polity

    Google Scholar 

  • Žižek, S. (2001, Spring). From Western Marxism to Western Buddhism. Cabinet Magazine, Issue 2. http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/2/western.php. Accessed 29 Oct 2013.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank Ron Anderson, Patrick Brown, Katja Bruisch, Ryan Burg, Letta Wren Page, Lili Di Puppo, and Sandy Ross for very useful comments and criticism. All the shortcomings of the text are entirely the author’s responsibility.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ruben Flores .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Flores, R. (2015). Making Sense of Suffering: Insights from Buddhism and Critical Social Science. In: Anderson, R. (eds) World Suffering and Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9670-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics