Abstract
The direct piezoelectric effect is well-suited for harnessing environmental vibrations and to convert them into usable electrical energy. Coated on a cantilever beam, piezoelectric ceramics allows simple energy harvesting without additional mechanical structures. In addition, relatively small external excitations result in output voltages of several volts which do not require low-efficient startup mechanisms as known from thermoelectric generators. In order to give the reader a feeling about what is important for developing interface circuitry for piezoelectric energy harvesters, the basics of piezoelectricity and its usage in energy harevsting are presented in this chapter. After the physical conversion principle has been introduced roughly, its application in cantilever beam harvesters is explained. The last two sections are about the modeling of kinetic, vibration based energy harvesters in general and piezoelectric energy harvesters in particular. Electrical equivalent circuits of the energy harvesters are essential for the simulation of entire energy harvesting systems composed of the mechanical harvester structure and the electrical interface circuitry on one hand, and on the other hand to understand their behavior by means of analytical calculations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
J. Ajitsaria, S.Y. Choe, D. Shen, D.J. Kim, Modeling and analysis of a bi-morph piezoelectric cantilever beam for voltage generation. Smart Mater. Struct. 16, 447–454 (2007)
D. Damjanovic, Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics. Rep. Prog. Phys. 61, 1267 (1998)
R. D’hulst, in Power processing circuits for vibration-based energy Har- vesters. Ph.D. thesis, KU Leuven 2009
N.E. DuToit, B.L. Wardle, Experimental verification of models for microfabricated piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters. AIAA J. 45(5), 1126–1137 (2007)
G. Gautschi, in Piezoelectric Sensorics: Force, Strain, Pressure, Accelera- tion and Acoustic Emission Sensors, Materials and Amplifiers (Springer Verlag, 2002)
D. Guyomar, A. Badel, E. Lefeuvre, C. Richard, Toward energy harvest- ing using active materials and conversion improvement by nonlinear process- ing. IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelectrics Freq. Control 52(4), 584–595 (2005)
B. Jaffe, in Piezoelectric Ceramics. (Academic Press, Waltham, 1971)
A. Kasyap , J. Lim, D. Johnson , S. Horowitz, T. Nishida, K. Ngo, M. Sheplak , L. Cattafesta, in Energy Reclamation from a Vibrating Piezoceramic Com- posite Beam, in Proceedings of 9th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Orlando, FL, USA, vol 9, 8–11 July 2002, pp. 36–43
T. Kazmierski, in Energy Harvesting Systems: principles, Modeling and Applications. (Springer Verlag 2010)
N. Kong, D.S. Ha, A. Erturk, D.J. Inman, Resistive impedance matching circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 21(13), 1293–1302 (2010)
K. Kundert, in The Designer’s Guide to SPICE and SPECTRE. (Kluwer Academic Publishers 1995)
G. Lippmann, in Principe de la conservation de l’électricité, ou second principe de la théorie des phènomènes électriques. Annales de Chimie et de Physique 24, 145 (1881)
A.H. Meitzler, H.F. Tiersten, A.W. Warner, D. Berlincourt, G.A. Couqin, F.S. Welsh III, IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity. Institute of Electrical and Elec- tronics Engineers (IEEE), New York (1988)
P.D. Mitcheson, T.C. Green, E.M. Yeatman, A.S. Holmes, Architectures for vibration-driven micropower generators. J Microelectromech Syst 13(3), 429–440 (2004)
M. Renaud, T. Sterken, A. Schmitz, P. Fiorini, C. Van Hoof, R. Puers, in Piezoelectric Harvesters and MEMS Technology: Fabrication, Modeling and Measurements, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Solid- State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers), Lyon, France, 10–14 June 2007, pp. 891–894
M. Renaud, K. Karakaya, T. Sterken, P. Fiorini, C. Van Hoof, R. Puers, Fabrication, modelling and characterization of MEMS piezoelectric vibration harvesters. Sens. Actuators A: Phys. 145, 380–386 (2008)
S. Roundy, P. Wright, J. Rabaey, in Energy scavenging for wireless sensor networks: with special focus on vibrations. (Kluwer Academic Publishers 2004))
Y.C. Shu, I.C. Lien, Analysis of power output for piezoelectric energy harvesting systems. Smart Mater. Struct. 15, 1499 (2006)
H.A.C. Tilmans, Equivalent circuit representation of electromechanical transducers: I. Lumped-parameter systems. J. Micromech. Microeng. 6, 157 (1996)
P.W. Tuinenga, in SPICE: a guide to circuit simulation and analysis using PSpice. (Prentice Hall PTR 1995)
C.B. Williams, R.B. Yates, Analysis of a micro-electric generator for microsystems. Sens. Actuators A: Phys. 52(1–3), 8–11 (1996)
Y. Xu, X. Yuhuan, Ferroelectric Materials Applications (North- Holland Elsevier, Netherlands, 1991)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hehn, T., Manoli, Y. (2015). Piezoelectricity and Energy Harvester Modelling. In: CMOS Circuits for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters. Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics, vol 38. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9288-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9288-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9287-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9288-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)