Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the description of calorimetric techniques used to measure heat capacity of solids: pulse heat calorimetry (Sect. 2.3), relaxation calorimetry (Sect. 2.4), dual slope calorimetry (Sect. 2.5), a.c. calorimetry (Sect. 2.6), differential scanning calorimetry (Sect. 2.7). Examples of measurements of heat capacity are reported in Sects. 2.3 and 2.4.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ventura, G., Lanzi, L., Peroni, I., Peruzzi, A., Ponti, G.: Low temperature thermal characteristics of thin-film Ni–Cr surface mount resistors. Cryogenics 38(4), 453–454 (1998)
Ventura, G., Risegari, L.: The art of cryogenics: low-temperature experimental techniques. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007)
Bachmann, R., DiSalvao, F.J., Geballe, T.H., Greene, R.L., Howard, R.E., King, C.N., Kirsch, H.C., Lee, K.N., Schwall, R.E., Thomas, H.U., Zubeck, R.B.: Heat capacity measurements on small samples at low temperatures. Rev. Sci. Instr. 51, 205 (1972)
Martin, D.L.: Use of pure copper as a standard substance for low temperature calorimetry. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 38(12), 1738–1740 (1967)
Martin, D.L.: Specific heats below 3 K of pure copper, silver, and gold, and of extremely dilute gold-transition-metal alloys. Phys. Rev. 170(3), 650–655 (1968)
Martin, D.L.: Tray type calorimeter for the 15–300 K temperature range: copper as a specific heat standard in this range. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58(4), 639–646 (1987)
Cetas, T.C., Tilford, C.R., Swenson, C.A.: Specific heats of Cu, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb from 1 to 30 K. Phys. Rev. 174(3), 835–844 (1968)
Ahlers, G.: Heat capacity of copper. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 37(4), 477–480 (1966)
Holste, J.C., Cetas, T.C., Swenson, C.A.: Effects of temperature scale differences on the analysis of heat capacity data: the specific heat of copper from 1 to 30 K. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43(4), 670–676 (1972)
Black, J., Robinson, J., Chemist, P., Britain, G.: Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry, Delivered in the University of Edinburgh. Mundell and Son for Longman and Rees, London, and William Creech, Edinburgh (1803)
Hansen, L.D.: Toward a standard nomenclature for calorimetry. Thermochim. Acta 371(1), 19–22 (2001)
Zielenkiewicz, W.: Towards classification of calorimeters. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 91(2), 663–671 (2008)
Kubaschewski, O., Alcock, C., Spencer, P.: Materials Thermochemistry, vol. 6. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1993)
Nernst, W.: The energy content of solids. Ann Physik 36, 395–439 (1911)
Schnelle, W., Gmelin, E.: Critical review of small sample calorimetry: improvement by auto-adaptive thermal shield control. Thermochim. Acta 391(1), 41–49 (2002)
Cardwell, D.A., Ginley, D.S.: Handbook of superconducting materials, vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2003)
Kishi, A., Kato, R., Azumi, T., Okamoto, H., Maesono, A., Ishikawa, M., Hatta, I., Ikushima, A.: Measurement of specific heat anomaly and characterization of high TC ceramic superconductors by AC calorimetry. Thermochim. Acta 133, 39–42 (1988)
Jin, X.C., Hor, P.H., Wu, M.K., Chu, C.W.: Modified high-pressure ac calorimetric technique. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55(6), 993–995 (1984)
Machado, F.L.A., Clark, W.G.: Ripple method: an application of the square-wave excitation method for heat-capacity measurements. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59(7), 1176–1181 (1988)
Kraftmakher, Y.A., Cherepanov, V.Y.: Compensation of heat losses in modulation measurements of specific heat. Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 16, 647–649 (1978)
Euken, A.: The determination of specific heats at low temperatures. Physik. Z 10, 586–589 (1909)
Nernst, W.: Sitzungsbericht der K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss 12, 261 (1910)
Bagatskii, M.I., Minchina, I.Y., Manzhelii, V.G.: Specific heat of solid para-hydrogen. Soviet J. Low Temp. Phys. 10, 542 (1984)
Ward, L.G., Saleh, A.M., Haase, D.G.: Specific heat of solid nitrogen-argon mixtures: 50 to 100 mol% N2. Phys. Rev. B 27(3), 1832–1838 (1983)
Alkhafaji, M.T., Migone, A.D.: Heat-capacity study of butane on graphite. Phys. Rev. B 53(16), 11152–11158 (1996)
Sellers, G.J., Anderson, A.C.: Calorimetry below 1 K: the specific heat of copper. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 45(10), 1256–1259 (1974)
Filler, R.L., Lindenfeld, P., Deutscher, G.: Specific heat and thermal conductivity measurements on thin films with a pulse method. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46(4), 439–442 (1975)
Harrison, J.P.: Cryostat for the measurement of thermal conductivity and specific heat between 0.05 and 2 K. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 39(2), 145–152 (1968)
Morin, F.J., Maita, J.P.: Specific heats of transition metal superconductors. Phys. Rev. 129(3), 1115–1120 (1963)
Al-Shibani, K.M., Sacli, O.A.: Low temperature specific heats of AgSb alloys. Phys. Status Solidi B 163(1), 99–105 (1991). doi:10.1002/pssb.2221630108
Osborne, D.W., Flotow, H.E., Schreiner, F.: Calibration and use of germanium resistance thermometers for precise heat capacity measurements from 1 to 25 k. high purity copper for interlaboratory heat capacity comparisons. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 38(2), 159–168 (1967)
Hiroo, O., Toshiaki, E., Nobuhiko, W.: Heat capacity anomaly of Ag ultrafine particles at low temperatures. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 59, 1695 (1990)
Albert, K., Löhneysen, H., Sander, W., Schink, H.: A calorimeter for small samples in the temperature range from 0.06 K to 3 K. Cryogenics 22(8), 417–420 (1982)
Tsujii, H., Andraka, B., Muttalib, K., Takano, Y.: Distributed τ2 effect in relaxation calorimetry. Phys. B 329, 1552–1553 (2003)
Gutsmiedl, P., Probst, C., Andres, K.: Low temperature calorimetry using an optical heating method. Cryogenics 31(1), 54–57 (1991)
Greene, R.L., King, C.N., Zubeck, R.B., Hauser, J.J.: Specific heat of granular aluminium films. Phys. Rev. B 6(9), 3297–3305 (1972)
Lipa, J., Swanson, D., Nissen, J., Chui, T.: Lambda point experiment in microgravity. Cryogenics 34(5), 341–347 (1994)
Lipa, J., Nissen, J., Stricker, D., Swanson, D., Chui, T.: Specific heat of liquid helium in zero gravity very near the lambda point. Phys. Rev. B 68(17), 174518 (2003)
Chui, T., Day, P., Hahn, I., Nash, A., Swanson, D., Nissen, J., Williamson, P., Lipa, J.: High resolution thermometers for ground and space applications. Cryogenics 34, 417–420 (1994)
Shepherd, J.P.: Analysis of the lumped τ2 effect in relaxation calorimetry. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56(2), 273–277 (1985)
Riegel, S., Weber, G.: A dual-slope method for specific heat measurements. J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 19(10), 790 (1986)
Zink, B.L., Revaz, B., Sappey, R., Hellman, F.: Thin film microcalorimeter for heat capacity measurements in high magnetic fields. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73(4), 1841–1844 (2002)
Denlinger, D.W., Abarra, E.N., Allen, K., Rooney, P.W., Messer, M.T., Watson, S.K., Hellman, F.: Thin film microcalorimeter for heat capacity measurements from 1.5 to 800 K. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65(4), 946–959 (1994)
Olivieri, E., Barucci, M., Beeman, J., Risegari, L., Ventura, G.: Excess heat capacity in NTD ge thermistors. J. Low Temp. Phys. 143(3–4), 153–162 (2006)
Pagliuso, P.G., Thompson, J.D., Hundley, M.F., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z.: Crystal structure and low-temperature magnetic properties of R_{m}MIn_{3 m + 2} compounds (M = Rh or Ir; m = 1,2; R = Sm or Gd). Phys. Rev. B 63(5), 054426 (2001)
Catarino, I., Bonfait, G.: A simple calorimeter for fast adiabatic heat capacity measurements from 15 to 300 K based on closed cycle cryocooler. Cryogenics 40(7), 425–430 (2000)
Forgan, E.M., Nedjat, S.: Heat capacity cryostat and novel methods of analysis for small specimens in the 1.5–10 K range. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 51(4), 411–417 (1980)
Barucci, M., Di Renzone, S., Olivieri, E., Risegari, L., Ventura, G.: Very-low temperature specific heat of Torlon. Cryogenics 46(11), 767–770 (2006)
Willekers, R., Meijer, H., Mathu, F., Postma, H.: Calorimetry by means of the relaxation and dual-slope methods below 1 K: application to some high Tc superconductors. Cryogenics 31(3), 168–173 (1991)
Drulis, M.: Low temperature heat capacity measurements of U6FeH15 hydride. J. Alloys Compd. 219(1), 41–44 (1995)
Barucci, M., Brofferio, C., Giuliani, A., Gottardi, E., Peroni, I., Ventura, G.: Measurement of low temperature specific heat of crystalline TeO2 for the optimization of bolometric detectors. J. Low Temp. Phys. 123(5–6), 303–314 (2001). doi:10.1023/a:1017555615150
Kim, J.S., Stewart, G.R., Bauer, E.D., Ronning, F.: Unusual temperature dependence in the low-temperature specific heat of U3Ni3Al19. Phys. Rev. B 78(15), 153108 (2008)
Cinti, F., Affronte, M., Lascialfari, A., Barucci, M., Olivieri, E., Pasca, E., Rettori, A., Risegari, L., Ventura, G., Pini, M.G., Cuccoli, A., Roscilde, T., Caneschi, A., Gatteschi, D., Rovai, D.: Chiral and helical phase transitions in quasi-1d molecular magnets. Polyhedron 24(16–17), 2568–2572 (2005)
Nakajima, Y., Li, G., Tamegai, T.: Specific heat study of ternary iron-silicide superconductor Lu2Fe3Si5: evidence for two-gap superconductivity. Physica C 468(15), 1138–1140 (2008)
Kasahara, S., Fujii, H., Mochiku, T., Takeya, H., Hirata, K.: Specific heat of novel ternary superconductors La3Ni4X4 (X = Si and Ge). Physica C 468(15), 1231–1233 (2008)
Kasahara, S., Fujii, H., Mochiku, T., Takeya, H., Hirata, K.: Low temperature specific heat of ternary germanide superconductor La3Pd4Ge4. Phys. B 403(5), 1119–1121 (2008)
Kasahara, S., Fujii, H., Takeya, H., Mochiku, T., Thakur, A., Hirata, K.: Low temperature specific heat of superconducting ternary intermetallics La3Pd4Ge4, La3Ni4Si4, and La3Ni4Ge4 with U3Ni4Si4-type structure. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20(38), 385204 (2008)
Fanelli, V., Christianson, A.D., Jaime, M., Thompson, J., Suzuki, H., Lawrence, J.: Magnetic order in the induced magnetic moment system Pr3In. Phys. B 403(5), 1368–1370 (2008)
Suzuki, H., Inaba, A., Meingast, C.: Accurate heat capacity data at phase transitions from relaxation calorimetry. Cryogenics 50(10), 693–699 (2010)
Haller, E.: Advanced far-infrared detectors. Infrared Phys. Technol. 35(2), 127–146 (1994)
Lounasmaa, O.V. (ed.): Experimental principles and methods below 1 K. Academic Press, London (1974)
Keesom, P., Seidel, G.: Specific heat of germanium and silicon at low temperatures. Phys. Rev. 113(1), 33 (1959)
Wang, N., Wellstood, F.C., Sadoulet, B., Haller, E.E., Beeman, J.: Electrical and thermal properties of neutron-transmutation-doped Ge at 20 mK. Phys. Rev. B 41(6), 3761–3768 (1990)
Aubourg, É., Cummings, A., Shutt, T., Stockwell, W., Barnes Jr, P., Silva, A., Emes, J., Haller, E., Lange, A., Ross, R., Sadoulet, B., Smith, G., Wang, N., White, S., Young, B., Yvon, D.: Measurement of electron-phonon decoupling time in neutron-transmutation doped germanium at 20 mK. J. Low Temp. Phys. 93(3–4), 289–294 (1993)
Alessandrello, A., Brofferio, C., Camin, D.V., Cremonesi, O., Giuliani, A., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Previtali, E.: Signal modelling for TeO2 bolometric detectors. J. Low Temp. Phys. 93(3–4), 207–212 (1993)
Stefanyi, P., Zammit, C., Rentzsch, R., Fozooni, P., Saunders, J., Lea, M.: Development of a Si bolometer for dark matter detection. Phys. B 194, 161–162 (1994)
Efros, A., Shklovskii, B.: Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences. Springer, Berlin (1984)
Marcenat, C.: Etudes calorimetrique sous champ magnetique des phases basses temperature des composes Kondo (1986)
Xu, Jc, Watson, C.H., Goodrich, R.G.: A method for measuring the specific heat of small samples. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61(2), 814–821 (1990)
Flachbart, K., Gabáni, S., Gloos, K., Meissner, M., Opel, M., Paderno, Y., Pavlík, V., Samuely, P., Schuberth, E., Shitsevalova, N., Siemensmeyer, K., Szabó, P.: Low temperature properties and superconductivity of LuB12. J. Low Temp. Phys. 140(5–6), 339–353 (2005)
Pilla, S., Hamida, J., Sullivan, N.: A modified dual-slope method for heat capacity measurements of condensable gases. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71(10), 3841–3845 (2000)
Gmelin, E.: Classical temperature-modulated calorimetry: a review. Thermoch. Acta 305, 1–26 (1997)
Castro, M., Puértolas, J.: Simple and accurate ac calorimeter for liquid crystals and solid samples. J. Therm. Anal. 41(6), 1245–1252 (1994)
Corbino, O.M.: Specific heat. Phys. Z. 12, 292 (1911)
Rosenthal, L.A.: Thermal response of bridgewires used in electro explosive devices. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 32(9), 1033–1036 (1961)
Filippov, L.: Procedure of measuring liquid thermal activity. Inzh.-Fiz. Zh. 3(7), 121–123 (1960)
Birge, N.O., Nagel, S.R.: Wide-frequency specific heat spectrometer. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58(8), 1464–1470 (1987)
Jeong, Y.H., Bae, D.J., Kwon, T.W., Moon, I.K.: Dynamic specific heat near the Curie point of Gd. J. Appl. Phys. 70(10), 6166–6168 (1991)
Moon, I.K., Jeong, Y.H., Kwun, S.I.: The 3ω technique for measuring dynamic specific heat and thermal conductivity of a liquid or solid. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67(1), 29–35 (1996)
Jewett, D.M.: Electrical heating with polyimide-insulated magnet wire. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58(10), 1964–1967 (1987)
Cahill, D.G.: Thermal conductivity measurement from 30 to 750 K: the 3ω method. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61(2), 802–808 (1990)
Handler, P., Mapother, D.E., Rayl, M.: AC measurement of the heat capacity of nickel near its critical point. Phys. Rev. Lett. 19(7), 356–358 (1967)
Hatta, I.: History repeats itself: progress in ac calorimetry. Thermochim. Acta 300(1), 7–13 (1997)
Pradhan, N., Duan, H., Liang, J., Iannacchione, G.: Specific heat and thermal conductivity measurements for anisotropic and random macroscopic composites of cobalt nanowires. Nanotechnology 19(48), 485712 (2008)
Hashimoto, M., Tomioka, F., Umehara, I., Fujiwara, T., Hedo, M., Uwatoko, Y.: Heat capacity measurement of CePd2Si2 under high pressure. Phys. B 378, 815–816 (2006)
Hemminger, W., Höhne, G.: Grundlagen der Kalorimetrie. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (1979)
Sullivan, P.F., Seidel, G.: Steady-state, ac-temperature calorimetry. Phys. Rev. 173(3), 679 (1968)
Maglic, K., Cezairliyan, A., Peletsky, V.: Compendium of Thermophysical Property Measurement Methods: Vol. 1, Survey of Measurement Techniques. Plenum Press, New York (1984)
Schilling, A., Jeandupeux, O.: High-accuracy differential thermal analysis: a tool for calorimetric investigations on small high-temperature-superconductor specimens. Phys. Rev. B 52(13), 9714–9723 (1995)
Budaguan, B., Aivazov, A., Meytin, M., Sazonov, A.Y., Metselaar, J.: Relaxation processes and metastability in amorphous hydrogenated silicon investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. Phys. B 252(3), 198–206 (1998)
Sturtevant, J.M.: Biochemical applications of differential scanning calorimetry. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 38(1), 463–488 (1987)
Rahm, U., Gmelin, E.: Low temperature micro-calorimetry by differential scanning. J. Therm. Anal. 38(3), 335–344 (1992)
Junod, A.: An automated calorimeter for the temperature range 80–320 K without the use of a computer. J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 12(10), 945 (1979)
Junod, A., Bonjour, E., Calemczuk, R., Henry, J., Muller, J., Triscone, G., Vallier, J.: Specific heat of an YBa2Cu3O7 single crystal in fields up to 20 T. Physica C 211(3), 304–318 (1993)
Kharkovski, A., Binek, C., Kleemann, W.: Nonadiabatic heat-capacity measurements using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(15), 2409–2411 (2000)
Graebner, J.: Modulated-bath calorimetry. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60(6), 1123–1128 (1989)
Lashley, J., Hundley, M., Migliori, A., Sarrao, J., Pagliuso, P., Darling, T., Jaime, M., Cooley, J., Hults, W., Morales, L.: Critical examination of heat capacity measurements made on a quantum design physical property measurement system. Cryogenics 43(6), 369–378 (2003)
Newsome Jr, R., Park, S., Cheong, S.-W., Andrei, E.: Low-temperature measurements of the specific heat capacity of a thick ferroelectric copolymer film of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene. Phys. Rev. B 77(9), 094103 (2008)
Javorský, P., Wastin, F., Colineau, E., Rebizant, J., Boulet, P., Stewart, G.: Low-temperature heat capacity measurements on encapsulated transuranium samples. J. Nucl. Mater. 344(1), 50–55 (2005)
Preston-Thomas, H.: The international temperature scale of 1990(ITS-90). Metrologia 27(1), 3–10 (1990)
Kennedy, C.A., Stancescu, M., Marriott, R.A., White, M.A.: Recommendations for accurate heat capacity measurements using a quantum design physical property measurement system. Cryogenics 47(2), 107–112 (2007)
Giazotto, F., Heikkilä, T.T., Luukanen, A., Savin, A.M., Pekola, J.P.: Opportunities for mesoscopics in thermometry and refrigeration: physics and applications. Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(1), 217 (2006)
Bachmann, R., Kirsch, H.C., Geballe, T.H.: Low temperature silicon thermometer and bolometer. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 41(4), 547–549 (1970)
Doettinger-Zech, S., Uhl, M., Sisson, D., Kapitulnik, A.: Simple microcalorimeter for measuring microgram samples at low temperatures. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72(5), 2398–2406 (2001)
Schwall, R., Howard, R., Stewart, G.: Automated small sample calorimeter. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46(8), 1054–1059 (1975)
Stewart, G.R.: Measurement of low-temperature specific heat. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 54(1), 1–11 (1983)
Bourgeois, O., Skipetrov, S., Ong, F., Chaussy, J.: Attojoule calorimetry of mesoscopic superconducting loops. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(5), 057007 (2005)
Riou, O., Gandit, P., Charalambous, M., Chaussy, J.: A very sensitive microcalorimetry technique for measuring specific heat of μg single crystals. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(3), 1501–1509 (1997)
Fominaya, F., Fournier, T., Gandit, P., Chaussy, J.: Nanocalorimeter for high resolution measurements of low temperature heat capacities of thin films and single crystals. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(11), 4191–4195 (1997)
Early, S., Hellman, F., Marshall, J., Geballe, T.: A silicon on sapphire thermometer for small sample low temperature calorimetry. Physica B + C 107(1), 327–328 (1981)
Wilhelm, H., Lühmann, T., Rus, T., Steglich, F.: A compensated heat-pulse calorimeter for low temperatures. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75(8), 2700–2705 (2004)
Tagliati, S., Rydh, A.: Absolute accuracy in membrane-based ac nanocalorimetry. Thermochim. Acta 522(1), 66–71 (2011)
Tagliati, S., Rydh, A., Xie, R., Welp, U., Kwok, W.: Membrane-based calorimetry for studies of sub-microgram samples. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 052256 (2009) (IOP Publishing)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ventura, G., Perfetti, M. (2014). How to Measure Heat Capacity at Low Temperatures. In: Thermal Properties of Solids at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures. International Cryogenics Monograph Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8969-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8969-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8968-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8969-1
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)