Skip to main content

Flexible Labour Markets, Ethnicity and Tourismrelated Migration in Australia and New Zealand

  • Chapter
Tourism and Migration

Part of the book series: The GeoJournal Library ((GEJL,volume 65))

Abstract

This chapter is concerned with the impact of particular groups of non-English speaking tourists on local labour markets in an Australia/New Zealand setting. Japanese and Korean tourism to the Gold Coast and Far North Queensland (Cairns based) Regions of Australia, and Japanese, Taiwanese and Korean tourism to the Rotorua Region of New Zealand, are examined for clues as to the importance of tourism induced (consumption-led) labour migration in promoting regional tourism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics (2000) 1996 Census of Population and Housing, AGPS, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics (2000) Year Book Australia 2000, AGPS, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Tourist Commission (1995) South Korea: Market Profile and Strategic Analysis, Australian Tourist Commission, Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blamey, R and Hatch, D. (1998) Profiles and Motivations of Nature-based Tourists Visiting Australia, BTR Occasional Paper 25, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L.A. and Moore, E.G. (1970) The intra-urban migration process: a perspective, Geografiska Annaler 52, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Industry Economics, (1979) Tourism and the Australian Economy, AGPS, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Tourism Research (BTR) (1999) Tourism’s Economic Contribution 1996–97, BTR, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cha, S., McCleary, K.W. and Uysal, M. (1995) Travel motivation of Japanese overseas travellers: A factor-cluster segmentation approach, Journal of Travel Research 34 (1), 3339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. (1979). Rethinking the Sociology of Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 6, pp. 18–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. (1985) The tourist guide, Annals of Tourism Research 12, 5–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, C. (1994) Tourism the loser if all Asians are treated as one, The Australian, April 28, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. and Pigram, J.J.J. (1984) Tourism and the Australian economy, Tourism Management 5 (1), 2–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craik, J. (1991) Resorting to Tourism, Routledge, Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasey, D. (1997) Shonky tourism shake up, The Sun-Herald, Feb 23, 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danaher, P.J. and Arweiler, N. (1996) Customer Satisfaction in the Tourist Industry: A case study of visitors to New Zealand, Journal of Travel Research 35 (1), 89–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, L., Burnley, I., Forsyth, P. and Murphy, P. (1993) Tourism-Immigration Interrelationships, AGPS, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnoth, J. (1995) Expectations as a function of image: marketing campervan tourism in New Zealand to International Tourists, in K. Grant, K. and I. Walker (eds), Proceedings of the Seventh Bi-Annual World Marketing Congress, Vol. VII-1, Melbourne, Australia, July, pp. 4: 104–4: 117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnoth, J. (1997) Tourism motivation and expectation formation, Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (2), 283–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graburn, N. (1980) Teaching and the anthropology of tourism, International Social Science Journal 32 (1), 56–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C.M. (1994) Tourism in the Pacific Rim: Development, Impacts and Markets, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C.M. (1995) Introduction to Tourism in Australia, 2nd ed., Longman, South Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R. and Howard, J. (1994) The Australian Travel Agency, Irwin, Artarmon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitt, M., Dacin, M., Tyker B., Park, D. (1997) Understanding the differences in Korean and US Executives’ strategic orientations, Strategic Management Journal 18 (2), 159–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoivik, T. and Heiberg, T. (1980) Centre-periphery tourism and self-reliance, International Social Science Journal 32 (1), 69–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong, J. H., Jones, P., and Sirisena, N. (2000) Hotel Development in Southeast Asia and Indochina, paper presented to the 4th International Conference on Tourism in Southeast Asia and Indochina, Chiang Mai, Thailand, June 24–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inbound Tourism Organisation of Australia (ITOA) (1994) Inbound Tourism Organisations of Australia: Profile, ITOA, Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inbound Tourism Organisation of Australia (ITOA) (1995) Taiwan and Korea Market Report, ITOA, Sudney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Industries Assistance Commission (1989d) Travel and Tourism, Report No. 423, AGPS, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Industries Assistance Commission (1995) Tourism Accommodation and Training, AGPS, Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, D. (1991) Japanese Tourism in Australia, Part 2: The Shifting Market, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane, I. (2000) Industry Challenges, Japan Forum, February, Australian Tourism Commission, Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J. (1991) A study on Korean perceptions toward overseas travel, Journal of Tourism Sciences 15, 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. (1997) Korean outbound tourism: Pre-visit expectations of Australia, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 6 (1), 11–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, B.E.M. and Gamage, M.A. (1995) Measuring the value of the ethnic connection: expatriate travellers from Australia to Sri Lanka, Journal of Travel Research 33 (2), 46–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, R. (1995) Tourism, labour and international migration, in A. Montanan and A.M. Williams (eds), European Tourism: Regions, Spaces and Restructuring, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 177–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ko, T.G. (1996) Shopping tours in a tourist destination region, in M. Oppermann (ed.), Proceedings of the Pacific Rim Tourism 2000 Conference, Centre for Tourism Studies, Waiariki Polytechnic, Rotorua.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legat, N. (1996) Immigration: what have we got to fear? North and South, June, 48–63. MacCannell, D. (1976) The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class, Schocken Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell, I. (1997) The Role of the Tour Guide in the Transference of Cultural Understanding, paper presented to the CAUTHE Conference, February, Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • March, R. M. (1988) Organisational linkages in Australia’s Japanese inbound travel market, in G. Prosser (ed.), Tourism and Hospitality Research: Australian and International Perspectives, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, pp. 337–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mok, C., Armstrong, R.W, and Go, F. (1995) Taiwanese traveller’s perception of leisure

    Google Scholar 

  • destination attributes, Australian Journal of Hospitality Management 2(1), 17–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monk, J. and Alexander, C. (1986) Free port fallout: gender, employment and migration on

    Google Scholar 

  • Margarita Island, Annals of Tourism Research 13, 393–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navarro, R.L. and Turco, D. (1994) Segmenting of the visiting friends and relatives travel market, Visions in Leisure and Business 13 (1), 4–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • New Zealand Tourism Board (1992) Segmentation of the Taiwanese Long Haul Holiday Market, New Zealand Tourism Board, Wellington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, K., Stromback, T., and Dockery, A.M. (1995) How Tourism Labour Markets Work, Research Paper 1, Commonwealth Department of Tourism, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, P.L. (1982) The Social Psychology of Tourist Behaviour, Pergamon Press, Oxford. Pearce, P.L., and Caltabiano, M.L. (1983) Inferring travel motivation from travellers’ experience, Journal of Travel Research 22 (2), 16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, P.L. (1996) Tourism Community Relationships, Elsevier, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prideaux, B. (2000) Analysing Bilateral Tourism Flows–The Case of Thailand and Australia, paper presented to the 4th International Conference on Tourism in Southeast Asia and Indochina, Chiang Mai, Thailand, June 24–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prideaux, B. and Kim, S.M. (1999) Bilateral tourism imbalance — is there a cause for concern: The case of Australia and Korea, Tourism Management 20 (4), 523–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reisinger, Y and Turner, L (1997) Tourists satisfaction with hosts: a cultural approach comparing Thai tourists and Australian hosts, Pacific Tourism Review 1(2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, P.J. (1986) The tour operator industry: an analysis, Annals of Tourism Research 13, 349–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snepenger, D., Johnson, J.D. and Rasker, R. (1995) Travel-stimulated entrepreneurial migration, Journal of Travel Research 34 (1), 40–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Synotte, J., Dasey, D, and Crowe, S. (1997) Greedy tour operators threaten tourism, The Sun-Herald, Feb 2, 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics New Zealand. (2000) Business Activity Statistics — Part 5: Tourism, Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tourism Queensland (2000) News 2, June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay, P. (1999) An Empirical Investigation of Tourism Business Relationships in

    Google Scholar 

  • Australia’s Top End,paper presented to the CAUTHE Conference, February, Adelaide. Tulpule, A. (1999) Tourism Expenditure by International Visitors in Regional Australia,BTR

    Google Scholar 

  • Occasional Paper 29, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.H., Kandampully, J. and Ryan, C. (1998) Taiwanese Visitors to New Zealand–an analysis of attitudes, Pacific Tourism Review 2 (1), 29–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A.M., and Hall, C.M. (2000) Tourism and Migration: new relationships between production and consumption, Tourism Geographies 2 (1), 5–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, B. and Moscardo, G. (1998) Understanding Australian, Japanese and Taiwanese Ecotourists in the Pacific Rim Region, Pacific Tourism Review 1, 329–339.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cooper, M.J. (2002). Flexible Labour Markets, Ethnicity and Tourismrelated Migration in Australia and New Zealand. In: Hall, C.M., Williams, A.M. (eds) Tourism and Migration. The GeoJournal Library, vol 65. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3554-4_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3554-4_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5946-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3554-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics