Skip to main content

Production of Inoculum of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

  • Chapter
Techniques in Mycorrhizal Studies

Abstract

Mass cultivation of EM fungi has been discussed in this chapter. Different types of inocula are used — natural air-borne spores, soil inocula, nursery seedlings, sporophores/spores and vegetative mycelia. Fungi are grown axenically, selected and maintained for experimental studies. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are grown on semisynthetic media. They prefer different C, N and P sources. They are cultivated both on solid substrates as well as in submerged condition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alvrez, I. F., Rowney, O. L. and Cobb, F. W. 1979. Mycorrhiza and growth of white-fur seedlings in mineral soil with or without organic layers in a California forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 9: 311–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Antibus, R K., Kroehler, C. J. and Linkins, A. E. 1986. The effects of external pH, temperature and substrate concentration on acid phosphatase activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Canadian Journal of Botany, 64: 2383–2387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Berry, C. R. and Marx, D. H. 1978. Effects of Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae on growth of lobolly and virginia pines in the Tennesse copper basin. USDA Forest Service Research Note SE-264.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bettina, B., Jentschke, G. and Godbold, D. L. 1998. The influence of the extrametrical mycelium on growth and nutrition of mycorhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies). In, “Second international Conference on mycorrhiza” (eds. Jonarch, U. A., Danell, E., Fransson, P., Karen, O., Lindahl, B., Rangel, I., and Finlay, R), July 5010, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden, pp. 32.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bettiol, W, Auer, C. G., Krugner, T. L. and Prezotto, M. E. M. 1986. Influence of sewage sludge and Pinus needle on ectomycorrhizal formation in Pinus caribaea var. hodurensis seedlings by the fungi: Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terresteris, Institute of Pesquigey. E. Estudos Florestats, 34: 41–46.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Biggs, W. L. and Alexender, I. J. 1981. A culture unit for the study of nutrient uptake by intact mycorrhizal plants under aseptic conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 13: 77–7 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bokor, R 1954. A mykorrhiza-gombakkal torten tlajoltasok uj agrotechnik elijarasa. Erdesz. Kutatas, Budapest, 4: 27–45.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Boyle, C. D., Robertson, W. J. and Salonius, P. O. 1987. Use of mycelia’ slurries of mycorrhizal fungi as inoculum for commercial tree seedling nurseries. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 17: 1480–1486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bruns, D. T. 1995. Thoughts on processes that maintain local species of ectmycorrhizal fungi. Plant and Soil, 170: 63–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Calleja, M., Mousain, D., Lecouvreur, B. D. and Auzac, J. 1980. Influence de la carence phosphatee sur les activites phosphatase acid de trois champignons mycorrhiziens: Habeloma edurum Metrod. Suillus granulatus (Fr.ex.L.) O. Kuntze et Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers) Coker et Couch. Physiology Vegetable, 18: 489–504.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cao, W. and Crawford, D. L. 1993. Carbon nutrition and hydrolytic and cellulolytic activities in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 39: 529–535.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Christel, B. and Makeshin, E 1998. Inoculation of Populas tricocarpa and Salix viminalis with Laccaria laccata and Lactarius controversus in combination with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. In intenational conference on mycorrhiza (eds. Jonarth, U. A., Danell, E., Fransson, R, Karen, O., Lindhal, B., Rangel, I., and Finlay, R), July 10, SLU, Upsala, Sweden, pp. 26.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cudlin, P., Kropack, K., Sarek, V, Mejtrik, U., Neeraj, and Vanna, A. 1992. Production and application of ectomycorrhizal alginate inoculum. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 32: 371–381.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dixon, R K. 1988. Response of ectomycorrhizal Quercus vibra to soil cadmium, nickel and lead. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 20: 555–559.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dixon, R. K. and Buschena, C. A. 1983. Response of ectomycorrhizal Pinus franksina and Picea glauca to heavy metal in soil. Plant and Soil, 105: 265–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Dominik, T. 1959. Development of dynamics of mycorrhizae formed by Pinus sylvesteris and Boletus luteus in arable soils. Prace szczecinskiego Towarzystwa naukowe, 1: 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Donald, D. G. M. 1975. Mycorrhizal inoculation for pines. South African Forestry Journal, 92: 27–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dutton, M. V. and Evans, C. S. 1996. Oxalate production by fungi: its role in pathogenicity and ecology in the soil environment. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 42: 881–895.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Duddridge, J.A. 1986. The development and ultrastnicture of ectomycorrhizas. III. compatible and incompatible interactionbetween Suillusgrevillei (Klotzseh) Sing. and eleven species of ectomycorrhizal hosts in vitro in the absence of exogenous carbohydrates. New Phytologist, 103: 457–464, 464–471.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ek, M., Ljungquist, P. O. and Stenstrom, E. 1983. Indole-3-acetic acid production by mycorrhizal determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery. New Phytologist, 94: 401–407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ekwebelam, S. A. 1974. Studies of pine mycorrhizae at Ibadan. Research Paper Forest Series, FDFR, Nigeria, 18: 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fries, N. 1978. Basidiospore germination in some mycorrhiza-forming hymenomycetes. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 70: 319–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Fries, N. & Birraux, D. 1980. Spore germination in Habeloma stimulated by living plant roots. Experintia, 36: 1056–1057.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Garbaye, J. and Whilhem, M. E. 1985. Facteurs limitants el aspects dynamiques de la mykorrhization controlee de Fagus silvatica Lin. Par Hebeloma crustuliniformae (Dull. Ex Scient. Amans). Quel. Sur tourbe fertilisee. Annual Science Forestry, 42: 53–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Garg, S. 1998. Production of Ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum by submerged fermentation. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gill, H. R. and Gracia, F. F. 1976. Ensayo de inoculacion con micorrhizas en Pinus pseudostrobus Lindll. Revista Forestal Venezolana, 17: 61–66.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Graham, J. H. and Linderman, R G. 1981. Inoculation of containerised Douglas-fir with EM Cenococcum geophilum. Forest Science, 27: 27–31.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gupta, V. 1998. Selection of ectomycorrhizal fungi for large scale inoculum production and their physiological characterization. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hacskaylo, E. 1953. Pure culture synthesis of pine mycorrhiza in terralite. Mycologia, 45: 971–975.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Harley, J. L. and Smith, S. E. 1983. In, “Mycorrhizal Symbiosis”, Academic Press, New York pp. 234.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Harvey, L. M. 1990. The cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi. In “Biotechnology of fungi for improving plant growth” (eds. Whipps, J. M. and Lumsden, R D. ), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 27–39.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Harvey, L. M. 1991. Cultivation techniques for the production of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Biotechnology Advances, 9: 13–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Harvey, L. M., Smith, J. E., Kristiansen, B., Neill, J. and Senior, E. 1989. The cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi. In ‘Biotechnology of fungi for improving plant growth“ (eds. Whipps, J. M. and Lumsden, R. D. ), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hattula, M. L. and Gyllenberg, H. 1969. Adaptibility to submerged culture and amino acids content of certain fleshly fungi common in finland. Karastenia, 9: 39–45.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ho, I. and Zak, B. 1979. Acid Phosphate activity of six ectomycorrhizal fungi. Canadian Journal of Botany, 57: 1203–1205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hung, L. L. L. and Chien, C. Y. 1978. Physiological studies on two ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pisolithus tinctorius and Sui Bus bovinus. Transactions of Mycological Society of Japan, 19: 121–127.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Jackson, R. M. & Mason, P. 1984. Mycorrhiza. Studies in Biology No. 158, Edward Ernold Ltd, London.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Janos, D. 81988. Mycorrhiza applications in tropical forestry: are temperate-zone approaches appropriate? In ‘Tree and Mycorrhiza“ (Ng, F. S. P.), Forest Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 1–58.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Jung, G. 1979. Procede d’inclusion de microorganisms dans une matrices de polymeres et produit ainsi obtenu. Demande de Brevt, Fr No 79 08597.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Jung, G., Mugnier, J. Dommergues, Y. and Diem, H. G. 1991. Process for inclusions of Mycorrhizae and Actinorrhizae in a matrix. US Patent No. 5, 021, 350.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kendrick, B. and Berch, S. 1985. Mycorrhizae: Application in Agriculture and forestry. In, Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. 4 (ed. Moo-Young, M. ), PergamonPress, England. pp. 109–152.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kerely, S. J. 1993. The role of mycorrhizal fungi in the mobilization of nitrogen from organic compounds with special reference to aseptically produced natural substrate. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Sheffield, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Krishnasundri, S. and Adholeya, A. 1999. Freeze drying mycelium of Laccria fraterna and its subsequent regeneration. Biotechnology Technique, 13: 491–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kuek, C. 1996. Shake flask culture of Laccaria laccata, an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes. Applied Microbial Biotechnology, 35: 466–470.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Laiho, O. 1970. Paxillus involutus as a mycorrhizal symbiont of forest trees. Acta Forest Fennici, 106: 1–72.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Leach, G. N. and Gresham, H. H. 1983. Early field performance of lobolly pine seedlings with Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae on two lower coastal plain sites. Southeren Journal of Applied Forstry, 7: 149–152.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Leak, J. R. and Miles, W 1996. Phosphodiesters as mycorrhizal P sources I. phosphodiesterase production and the utilization of DNA as a phosphorus source by the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae. New Phytologist, 132: 435. 443.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Levisohn, I. 1956. Growth stimulation of forest tree seedlings by the activity of free-living mycorrhizal mycelia. Forestry, 29: 53–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Lindenberg, G. 1970 Utilization of various nitrogen sources in particular bound soil nitrogen by mycorrhizal fungi. Stud Forest Suec, 79: 1–95.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Lindeiberg, G. and Lindenberg, M. 1977. Pectinolytic ability of some mycorrhizal and saprophytic hymenomycetes. Archievs fur Microbiology, 43: 438–447.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lyr, H. 1963. Zur Frage des Streuabbaus durch ectotrophi Mykorrhizapilze. In: “Mykorrhizapilze”. International Mykorrhiza Symposium. (eds. Rawald, W. and Lyr, H.) Weimer, pp. 123–145.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Malabari, A. A. 1979. Biology of Ectomycorrhizas with special reference to their possible role in plant water relations. Ph. D. Thesis, Sheffield University.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Malencon, G. 1938. Les truffes europeenes. Revue Mycologique, 3: 1–92.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Marx, D. H. 1969. The influence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on the resistance of pine roots to pathogenic infections. I. Antagonism of mycorrhizal fungi to root pathogenic fungi and soil bacteria. Phytopathology, 59: 153–163.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Marx, D. H. 1980. Ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculations: a tool for improving forestation practices. In “Tropical mycological research”, (ed. Mikola, P.) Oxford university Press, London pp. 13–17.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Marx, D. H. and Bryan, W. C. 1975. Growth and ectomycorrhizal development of lobolly pine seedlings in fumigated soil infested with the fungal symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius. Forest Science, 21: 245–254.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Marx, D.H. and Cordell, C.E. 1988. Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae improve 4-year performance of robldly and splash pisies in South Georgia. Georgia Forestry Research Report No. 4, Macon, Georgia, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Marx, D. H. and Cordell, C. E. 1990. Use of Ectomycorrhizas to improve forestation practice. In Biotechnology for improving plant growth (eds. Whipps, J.M. and Lumsden, R.D. ), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Marx, D. H., Cordell, C. E., Kenny, D. S., Mexal, J. G., Artman, J. D., Riffle, J. W. and Molina, R. J. 1984. Commercially vegetative inoculum of Pisolithus tictorius and inoculation techniques for development of ectomycorrhizae on bare root tree of seedlings. Forest Science Monograph, 25.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Marx, D. H. and Daniel, W. J. 1976. Maintaining cultures of ectomycorrhizal and plant pathogenic fungi in sterile water cold storage. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 22: 338–341.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Marx, D. H., Jarl, K., Ruhle, J. L. and Bell, W 1984. Development ofPisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae on pine seedlings using basidiospores encapsulated seeds. Forest Science, 30: 897–907.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Marx, D. H. and Kenny, B. S. 1982. Production of ectomycorrhizal inoculum. In: Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research, (eds.. Schenck, N. C), american Society of Pathology, St. Paul, pp. 131–146.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Marx, D. H. and Rutile, J. L. 1988. Ectomycorrhizae as biological tools in reclammation and revegetation of wastelands. In “Mycorrhizae for Green Asia” (eds. Mahadevan, A., Raman, N., Natrajan, K.) Proceedings of the first Asian Conference on Mycorrhizae, Jan. 29–31,1988, Madras, pp. 336–344.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Marx, D. H., Ruble, J. L. and Cordell, C. E. 1991. Methods for studying nursery and field response of trees to specific ectomycorrhiza. Methods in Microbiology, 23: 383–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Marx, D.H. and Zak, B. 1965. Effect of pH on mycorrhizal formation of slash pine in aseptic culture. Forest Science, 11: 66–75.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Mason, R A. 1980. Aseptic synthesis of sheathing (ecto-) mycorrhizas. In: “Tissue culture methods” (eds. Ingram, D.S. and Helgeson, J. R) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. pp. 173–178.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Mason, R A. 1983. The concept of succession in relation to the spread of sheathing mycorrhizae. In: “Physiological and genetical Aspects of Mycorrhizae”, (eds. Gianinazzi-Pearson, V. and Gianinazzi, S. ), INRA Press, Paris, pp. 767–772.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Mauperin, C., Mortier, F, Garbaye, J., le Tacon, F. and Carr, G. 1987. Viability of an ectomycorrhizal inoculum produced in a liquid medium and entrapped in a calcium alginate gels. Canadian Journal of Botany, 65: 2326–2329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Mehrotra, M. D. 1991. Mycorrhizae of Indian Forest Trees. Indian Counsil of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India, pp. 294.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Melin, E. 1921. Uber die mycorrhizenpilze von Pinus silvestris L. and Picea ables ( L.) Karst. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 15: 192–203.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Melin, E. 1922. Untersuchungen Uber die Larix mycorrhiza. I. synthese der mykorrhiza in Reinkulture. Svensk Botanik Tidskrift, 16: 161–196.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Melin, E. 1925. Untersuchungen uber die Bedeutung der Baumykorhiza. Eineokologische physiologische Studie. Gustav Fischer, Jena, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Melin, E. and Nilsson, H. 1953. Transfer of labelled nitrogen from glutamine to pine seedlings through the mycelium of Boletus variegatus (S. W.) Fr. Nature, 171: 134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Mikola, P. 1970. Mycorrhizal inoculation in afforestration. International Review of Forest Research, 3: 123–196.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Mikola, P. 1973. Application of mycorrhizal symbiosis in forestry practice. Fungi physiologia Plantrum. In “Ectomycorrhizae: their ecology and physiology” (eds. Marx, C. G. and Kozlowski, T. T. ), Academic Press, New York, pp. 383–411.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Modess, O. 1941. Zur kenntin der Mykorrhizabildner von kiefer and Fichte. Symbolae Botanicae, Upsaliensis, 5: 1–147.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Molina, R. 1979. Pure culture synthesis and host specificity of red alder mycorrhizae. Canadian Journal of Botany, 57: 1223–1228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Molina, R. and Palmer J. G. 1982. Isolation, maintenance, and pure culture manipulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi. In: “Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research”, (ed. Schenck, N.C. ), The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 115–129.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Momoh, Z. O. and Gbsdegesin, R. A. 1980. Field performance of Pisolithus tinctorius as a mycorrhizal fungus of pines in Nigeria. In: “Tropical Mycorrhizal Research” (ed. Mikola, P. ), Oxford University Press, London, pp. 72–79.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Mortier, F., Tacon, F. L., garbaye, J. and Tacon F. L. 1989. Effects of dose and formulation of Laccaria laccata inoculum on mycorrhizal infection and growth of Douglas-fir in a nursery. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 28: 351–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Moser, M. 1958. Die Kunstliche Mycorrhizaimfung an Forestpflanzen.1. Erfahrungen bei der reinkultar von Myckorrhizapilzen. Forestwissenschaftlichen Zentrablatt, 77: 32–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Ng, P. P., Cole, A. L. J., Jameson, P. E. and Mcwha, J. A. 1982. Cytokinin production by ectomycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist, 91: 57–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Norkarns, B. 1950. Studies in growth and cellulytic enzymes of Tricholoma with special reference to mycorrhizae formation. Symbolae Botanicae, Upaliensis, 11: 1–126.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Palmer, J. G. 1971. Techniques and procedure for culturing ectomycorrhizal fungi. In Mycorrhiza (ed. Hacskaylo, E.) USDA Misc. pp. 255.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Palmer, J. G. and Hacskaylo, E. 1970. Ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure culture I. Growth on single carbon sources, Physiologia Plantarum, 23: 1187–1197.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Peterson, R. L., Piche, Y. and Plenchette, C. 1984. Mycorrhizae and their potential use in the agricultural and forestry industries. Biotechnology Advances, 2: 101–120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Pirozynski, K. A. and Malloch, D. W. 1975. The origin of land plants: a matter of mycotrophism. Bio System, 6: 153–164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Raman, N. 1988. Mass production of ectomycorrhizal grain spawn of Laccaria laccata andAmanita muscaria. In “Proceedings of the first Asian Conference on mycorrhizae” (eds. Mahadevan, A., Raman, N., Natrajan, K. ), Madras, India.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Sasek, V. 1989. Submerged cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 28: 441–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Shemakhanova, N. M. 1962. Mycotrophy of woody plants. Washington D. C., US Department of Agriculture–National Science Foundation Commercial Tanslocation, TT66–51073 (1%7): 1–329 and TT76–51290 (1967): 1–326.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Slankis, V. 1973. Hormonal relationship in mycorrhizal development. In “Ectomycorrhizae: Their Ecology and Physiology” (eds. Marks, G. C. and Kozlowski, T. T. ), Academic Press, New York, pp. 232–298.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Suvercha, Mukerji, K. G. and Arora, D. K. 1991. Ectomycorrhiza In “Hand Book of Applied Mycology Vol. I. Soil and Plants” (eds. Arora, D. K., Rai, B., Mukerji, K. G. and Knudson, R), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 187–215.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Tacon, F. L., Jung, G., Mugnier, J. Michelot, R. and Mauperin, C. 1985. Efficiency in a forest nursery of an ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum produced in a fermenter and entrapped in polymeric gels. Canadian Journal of Botany, 63: 1664–4668.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Takacs, E. A. 1961. Inoculaciaon de especies de pinos con hongos formadores micorrhizas Silivicultura, 15: 5–17.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Takacs, E. A. 1964. Inoculation artificial de pinos de regines subtropicales con hongos formadores de micorrizas. Idia, Suplemento Forestal, 12: 41–44.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Takacs, E. A. 1967. Production de cultivos puros de hongos micorrizogon en el centro nacional de investigaciones Agropecuarias, Castlar. Idia, Suplemento Forestal, 14: 83–87.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Theodorou, C. 1968. Inositol Phosphates in needles of Pinus radiata D. Don and the phytase activity of mycorrhizal fungi. Proceedigs Ninth International Congress on soil science Adelaide, vol 3, pp. 480–490.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Theodorou, C. 1971. The phytase activity of the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizopogon roseolus. Soil Biology and Biochemsitry, 3: 89–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Trappe, J. M. 1962. Fungus associates of ectotrophic mycorrhizae. Botanical Reviews, 28: 538–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Trappe, J. M. 1977. Selection of ectomycorrhizal inoculation in nurseries. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 15: 203–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Uhling, S. K. 1972. Untersuchungen zurTrockenresistenz Mykorrizabildner Pilz. Zeitschrift Bacteri Parasiten Infection. Krankhieten und Hygiene, 127: 124–133.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kumar, S., Satyanarayana, T. (2002). Production of Inoculum of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. In: Mukerji, K.G., Manoharachary, C., Chamola, B.P. (eds) Techniques in Mycorrhizal Studies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3209-3_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3209-3_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5985-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3209-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics