Abstract
The exposed sandy beaches of the world represent for their fauna high energy environments dominated by the physical processes of tides and wave action. A few genera of molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes dominate such environments, each adapted to exploit actively the apparently severe conditions rather than passively survive their effects. In so doing the successful genera derive benefits such as refuge from predation, reduced competition, or ready availability of food resources, which more than offset the costs incurred in increased activity or in the risks of stranding and desiccation. In consequence they may reach very high population densities in some areas.
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Ansell, A.D. (1983). The Biology of the Genus Donax . In: McLachlan, A., Erasmus, T. (eds) Sandy Beaches as Ecosystems. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 19. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2938-3_46
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