Skip to main content

The Biology of the Genus Donax

  • Conference paper
Sandy Beaches as Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 19))

Abstract

The exposed sandy beaches of the world represent for their fauna high energy environments dominated by the physical processes of tides and wave action. A few genera of molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes dominate such environments, each adapted to exploit actively the apparently severe conditions rather than passively survive their effects. In so doing the successful genera derive benefits such as refuge from predation, reduced competition, or ready availability of food resources, which more than offset the costs incurred in increased activity or in the risks of stranding and desiccation. In consequence they may reach very high population densities in some areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alagarswami K (1966) Studies on some aspects of biology of the wedge clam Donax faba from Mandapam coast in the Gulf of Mannar, J. Mar. biol. Ass. India. 8, 56–75.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alagarswami K (1967) Studies on some aspects of biology of the wedge shell Donax faba Gmelin from Mandapam coast in the Gulf of Mannar, Adv. Abstr. Contr. Fish. Aquat. Sci. India. 1, 11–12.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aldrich JW (1959) Activities of coquina clams, Atlantic Nat. 4 (1), 41–43.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Aleem AA (1969) Marine resources of the United Arab Republic, Stud. Rev. gen. Fish. Coun. Mediterr. No. 43: 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Allen JA and Garrett MR (1971) The excretion of ammonia and urea by Mya arenaria L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 39A, 633–642.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Amouroux JM (1972) Données sur la structure et l’ instabilité des peuplements infra-littoraux de la côte du Rousillon, Thèse de 3° cycle, Université Paris V I.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ando T Moueza M and Ceccaldi HJ (1976) Variations des lipides et des sterols chez Donax trunculus L. (mollusque, L.mellibranche) durant les mois d’automne et d’hiver, Compte r. Seanc. Soc. Biol. 170 (1), 149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ansell AD (1969) Leaping movements in the Bivalvia, Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 38, 387–399.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ansell AD (1972) Distribution, growth and seasonal changes in biochemical composition for the bivalve Donax vittatus (da Costa) from Kames Bay, Millport, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 10 (2), 137–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ansell AD (1973) Oxygen consumption by the bivalve Donax vittatus (da Costa), J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 11 (3), 311–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ansell AD (1977) The adenosine triphosphate content of some marine bivalve molluscs, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 28, 269–283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ansell AD (1981) Functional morphology and feeding of Donax serra Roding and Donax sordidis Hanley (Bivalvia: Donacidae), J. moll. Stud. 47, 5972.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ansell AD and Bodoy A (1979) Comparison of events in the seasonal cycle for Donax vittatus and Donax trunculus, In Naylor E and Hartnoll RG, eds. Cyclic phenomena in marine plants and animals. pp. 191–198. Oxford. Pergammon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ansell AD and Lagardère F (1980) Observations on the biology of Donax trunculus and D. vittatus at Ile d’Oléron (French Atlantic Coast), Mar. Biol. 57, 287–300.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ansell AD and McLachlan A (1980) Upper temperature tolerances of three molluscs from South African sandy beaches, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 48, 243–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ansell AD and Sivadas P (1973) Some effects of temperature and starvation on the bivalve Donax vittatus (da Costa) in experimental laboratory populations, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 13, 229–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ansell AD and Trevallion A (1967) Studies on Tellina tenuis (da Costa). I. Seasonal growth and biochemical cycle, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 1, 220–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ansell AD and Trevallion A (1969) Behavioural adaptations of intertidal molluscs from a tropical sandy beach, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 4 (1): 9–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ansell AD and Trueman ER (1973) The energy cost of migration of the bivalve Donax on tropical sandy beaches, Mar. Behay. Physiol. 2 (1), 21–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ansell AD Frenkiel L and Moueza M (1980) Seasonal changes in tissue weight and biochemical composition for the bivalve Donax trunculus, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 45, 105–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ansell AD Sivadas P and Narayanan B (1973) The ecology of two sandy beaches in South-west India IV. The biochemical composition of four common invertebrates, Spl. Publ. mar. biol. Ass. India. 333–348.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ansell AD Barnett PRO Bodoy A and Massé H (1980) Upper temperature tolerances of some European molluscs II. Donax vittatus, D. semistriatus and D. trunculus, Mar. Biol., 58, 41–46.

    Google Scholar 

  23. AD Sivadas P Narayanan B Sankaranarayanan VN and Trevallion A (1972e) The ecology of two sandy beaches in south-west India I. Seasonal changes in physical and chemical factors, and in the macrofauna, Mar. Biol., 17, 38–62.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ansell AD Sivadas P Narayanan B and Trevallion A (1972b) The ecology of two sandy beaches in southwest India III. Observations on the population of Donax incarnatus and D. spiculum, Mar. Biol. 17 (4), 318–332.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ansell AD Mclusky DS Stirling A and Trevallion A (1978) Production and energy flow in the macrobenthos of two sandy beaches in South West India, Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. (Sect.B). 76, 269–296.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Armitage TM and Alevizon WS (1980) The diet of the Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) along the East Coast of Central Florida, U.S.A., Fla. Sci. 43 (1), 19–26.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Atkins D (1937a) On the ciliary mechanisms and inter-relationships of lamellibranchs. Part II. Sorting devices on the gills, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., 79, 339–373.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Atkins D (1937) On the ciliary mechanisms and inter-relationships of lamellibranchs. Part III. Types of lamellibranch gills and their food currents, Quart. J. mar. Sci., 79, 375–421.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Avolizi RJ and Nuwayhid M (1974) Effects of crude oil and dispersants on bivalves, Marine Pollut. Bull. 5 (10), 149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bacon PR (1970) Studies on the biology and cultivation of the mangrove oyster in Trinidad with notes on other shellfish resources, Trop. Sci. 12 (4), 265–278.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Badino G and Marchionni V (1972) Neurosecretion and gonad maturation in a population of Donax trunculus L. from Leghorn (Italy), Bolettino zool. 39 (3), 321–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bally R (1981) The ecology of three sandy beaches on the west coast of South Africa, PhD. Thesis. University of Cape Town. 404 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bayne BL Bayne CJ Carefoot TC and Thompson RJ (1976) The physiological ecology of Mytilus californianus, Conrad, Oecologia (Berlin). 22, 211–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Beeson RJ and Johnson PT (1967) Natural bacterial flora of the beach clam Donax gouldi, J. Invertebrate Pathol. 9, 104–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Blackstock J and Ansell AD (1981) Maximal glycolytic enzyme activities in muscles of bivalves of the genus Donax in relation to their behaviour and ecology, Abst. 3rd Congress European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry. Noordwijkenhout, Netherlands. 132–133.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bodoy A (1982) Croissance saisonnaire du bivalve Donax trunculus en Mediterranee nord-occidentale (France), Malacologia. 22 (1–2) 353–358.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bodoy A and Massé H (1977) Etude sur la resistance a la temperature de quelques mollusques marins des côtes de Provence, Bull. Ecol. 8, 91–101.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Bodoy A and Massé H (1979) Quelques parametres permettant de suivre la production organique d’un mollusque bivalve au cours d’un cycle saisonier, Publ. Sci. Tech. CNEXO: Acta Colloq., 7, 753.-766.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Boss KJ (1971) Familial affinities of Hemidonax (Bivalvia), Nautilis, Philad. 85: 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Brown AC (1964) Food relationships of the intertidal sandy beaches of the Cape peninsula, South African J. Sci. 60. No. 2. 35–41.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Brown AC (1979) The energy cost and efficiency of burrowing in the sandy-beach whelk Bullia digitalis (Dillwyn) Nassariidae, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 40, 149–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Brown AC (1982) Towards an activity budget for the sandy beach whelk Bullia digitalis (Dillwyn), Malacologia, 22, 681–683.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Brown AC Ansell AD and Trevallion A (1978) Oxygen consumption by Bullia (Dorsanum) melanoides (Deshayes) and Bullia digitalis Meuschen (Gastropoda Nassariidae)–an example of non-acclimation, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 61A, 123–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Buchanan JB (1954) Marine Molluscs of the Gold Coast West Africa, J. West African Science Assoc. 1, 30–45.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Castagna M and Chanley P (1973) Salinity tolerance of some marine bivalves from inshore and estuarine environments in Virginia waters on the western mid-Atlantic coast, Malacologia 12 (1), 47–96.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Chanley P (1969a) Donax fossor: a summer range extension of Donax variabilis, Nautilis. 83(1): 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Chanley P (1969b) Larval development of the coquina clam Donax variabilis Say, with a discussion of the structure of the larval hinge in the Tellinacea, Bull. mar. Sci., 19, 214–244.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Chari ST and Mukundan Unny M (1947) The food value of two common molluscs found near Pamban and the chemical composition of their shells, Current Sci. 16, p. 294.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Chassé C and Guenole-Bouder A (1981) Comparaison quantitative des populations benthiques des plages de St Efflan et St Michel-en-Grieve avant et depuis le naufrage de L’Amoco Cadiz. in: Amoco Cadiz: Consequences d’une pollution accidentelle par les hydrocarbures, Actes Colloque Int. Publ. CNEXO, Paris, p. 347–357.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Coe WR (1953) Resurgent populations of littoral marine invertebrates and their dependence on ocean currents and tidal currents, Ecology. 34, 225–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Coe WR (1955) Ecology of the bean clam Donax gouldi on the coast of Southern California, Ecology. 36, 512–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Coe WR (1956) Fluctuations in populations of littoral marine invertebrates, J. mar. Res. 15: 212–232.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Cole HA and Hepper BT (1954) The use of neutral red solution for the comparative study of filtration rates of lamellibranchs, J. cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer. 20, 197–204.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Comps M and Raimbault R (1978) Infection rickettsienne de la gland digestive de Donax trunculus Linne, Science Peche. No. 281, 11–12.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Crane J (1975) Fiddler crabs of the world. Ocypodidae genus Uca, 1–736. Princetown, Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Crichton MD (1942) Marine Shells of Madras, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 62, pp. 323–341.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Cummins JM Jones AC and Stevens AA (1971) Occurrence of toxic bivalve molluscs during a Gymnodinium breve “Red Tide”, Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 100 (1): 112–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Dahl E (1952) Some aspects of the ecology and zonation of the fauna of sandy beaches, Oikos, 4, 127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Degiovanni C and Moueza M (1972) Contribution a l’étude de la biologie de Donax trunculus L. (Mollusque Lamellibranche) dans l’Algerois. Ecologie en baie de Bou Ismail, Tethys. 4, 729–744.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Dexter DM (1969) Structure of an intertidal sandy-beach community in North Carolina, Chesapeake Sci. 10 (2): 93–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Dorjes J (1979) Zur populations dynamik des Sagezahnchens, Donax vittatus, Natur. und Museum. 109 (9), 305–311.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Du Preez HH (1981) M.Sc. Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 231 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Duval DM (1963) The comparative anatomy of some lamellibranch siphons, Proc. malac. Soc. Land. 35: 289–295.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Dye AH (1979) The effect of acute and long term temperature changes in the respiration of two sand-dwelling bivalves, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 63A, 405–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Edgren RA (1959) Coquinas (Donax variabilis) on a Florida beach, Ecology. 40, 498–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Edwards RRC Blaxter JHS Gopalan VK Mathew CV and Finlayson DM (1970) Feeding, metabolism and growth of tropical flatfish, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 6, 279–300.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Edwards RRC (1973a) Production ecology of two Caribbean marine ecosystems. I. Physical environment fauna, Estuarine coastal marine Science, I, 303–318.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Edwards RRC (1973b) Production ecology of two Caribbean marine ecosystems. II. Metabolism and energy flow, Estuarine coastal marine Science, I, 319–333.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Edwards RRC (1973c) Rates of oxygen consumption of marine fish and invertebrates from Venezuela, Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. Cunana Venezuela.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Ekman S (1953) Zoogeography of the sea, Sidgwick and Jackson Ltd. London. 417 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Fitch JE (1953) Common marine bivalves of California, Calif. Dept. Fish Game, Fish Bull. No. 90, 1–102.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Frenkiel L (1980) Les organes sensoriels chez les lamellibranches, Ann. Biol., 19 (2), 147–162.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Frenkiel L (1982) L’organe sensoriel du muscle cruciforme des Tellinacea (mollusques

    Google Scholar 

  74. lamellibranches), Structure-ontagenese-role. These de Docteur en Sciences Naturelles Universite Paris 6, 149pp 51p1.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Frenkiel L and Moueza M (1977) Le fonctionnement du muscle cruciforme des Tellinacea, J. Moll. Stud., 43, 189–191.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Frenkiel L and Moueza M (1979) Developement larvaire de deux Tellinacea, Scrobicularia plana (Senelidae) et Donax vittatus (Donacidae), Mar. Biol., 55, 187–195.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Gauld DT and Buchanan JB (1956) The fauna of sandy beaches in the Gold Coast. Oikos. 7, II, 293–301.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Geldiay R and Uysal H (1972) Ege Denizi Satillerinde Tesbit Edilen Donacilla (Donacilla) cornea (Poli) ve Donax (Serrula) trunculus un Populasyon Dinamigi ve Ekolojik Ozellikleri Hakkinda, Sci. Rept. Fac. Sci., Ege, Univ. 135, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  79. George CJ (1965) The use of beached valves of the Lamellibranch molluscs Glycimerus qlycimeris (L.), Donax semistriatus Poli and Donax trunculus L. for the determination of percentage mortality by Natica spp, Doriana. 4, 164, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Graham A (1934a) The cruciform muscle of Lamellibranchs, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 54, 1, 17–30.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Graham A (1934b) The structure and relationship of Lamellibranchs possessing a cruciform muscle, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 54 (2), 158–187.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Grindley JR and Nel EA (1968) Mussel poisoning and shellfish mortality on the west coast of S. Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci. 64: 420–422.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Grindley JR and Nel EA (1970) Red water and mussel poisoning at Elands Bay, December 1966, Fish. Bull. S. Afr. 6, 36–55.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Guillou J and Le Moal Y (1978) Variabilité spatio temporelle des populations de Donax en baie de Douarnenez, Haliotis Paris. 9 (1), 77–80.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Guillou J and Le Moal Y (1980) Population dynamics of Donax vittatus and Donax trunculus in the bay of Douarnenez, France, Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. 56 (1), 55–64.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Hammen CS (1968) Amino transferase actvities and amino acid excretion of bivalve molluscs and brachiopods, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 26, 697–705.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hedgepeth JW (1953) An introduction to the zoogeography of the north-western Gulf of Mexico with reference to the invertebrate fauna, Pubis. Inst. Mar. Sci. Univ. Tex. 3, 110–224.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Hedgepeth JW (1957) Sandy beaches. Chapter 19 in Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology, Geol. Soc. America, Memoir 67, Vol. 1, 587–608.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Hemmingsen AM (1960) Energy metabolism as related to body size and respiratory surfaces and its evolution, Rep. Steno. Mem. Hosp., Copenh., 9, 1110.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Hiroki K (1971) Fisioecologia de invertebrados marinhos. Resistencia a anoxia, Boletim zool. Biol. mar. Univ. Sao Paulo (N.S.) No. 28, 315–341.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Hodgson AN (1982a) Studies on wound healing, and an estimation of the rate of regeneration, of the siphon of Scrobicularia plana (da Costa), J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 62, 117–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Hodgson AN (1982b) Studies on wound healing and regeneration of the siphon of the bivalve Donax serra (Roding), Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 44, 489–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Hopkins SH (1958) Trematode parasites of Donax variabilis at Mustang Island, Texas, Publ. Inst. mar. Sci. Univ. Tex. 5: 301–311.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Hornell J (1951) Indian Molluscs, The Bombay Natural History Society.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hornung H and Oren OH (1981) Heavy metals in Donax trunculus (Bivalvia) in Haifa Bay, Mediterranean (Israel), Mar. Environ. Res. 4 (3): 195–202.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Hughes DA (1966) Behavioural and ecological investigations of the crab Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Crustacea:Ocypodidae), J. Zool. Lond., 150, 129–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Von Ihering H (1900) The musculus cruciformis of the order Tellinacea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Vol. 52, 480–481.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Irwin TH (1973) The intertidal behaviour of the bean clam, Donax qouldii Dall, 1921, Veliger. 15 (3), 206–212.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Jacobson MK (1955) Observations on Donax fossor Say at Rockaway beach, New York, Nautilus, Philad. 68, 73–77.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Johnson PT (1966e) Mass mortality in a bivalve mollusc, Limnol. Oceanogr. 1: 429–431.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Johnson PT (1966b) On Donax and other sandy beach inhabitants, Veliger. 9: 29–30.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Johnson PT (1968) Population crashes in the bean clam, Donax gouldi, and their signficance to the study of mass mortality on other marine invertebrates, J. invert. Pathol. 12 (3), 349–358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Jones DA (1979) The ecology of sandy beaches in Penang, Malaysia, with special reference to Excirolana orientalis (Dana), Estuarine and coastal marine Science, 9, 677–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Koepke HW and Koepke M (1952) Sobre el proceso de transformacion de la materia organica en las playas avenosas del Peru. Revista de Ciencias Univ. Nac. San Marcos, 54, (479–480), 5–29. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. “Javier Prado” Ser. A. Zoologica. No. 8, 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Krishnamurthy S Seshadri R and Ramamurthy UD (1966) Role of microbes in the nutrition of some estuaries of marine bivalve, J. mar. biol. Assoc. India. 8 (2), 231–235.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Kwei EA (1966) The spawning and the growth of the Volta oyster, Eqeria radiata (Lam.), Ghana J. Sci. 5: 150–160.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Leber KM (1982) Bivalves (Tellinacea; Donacidae) on a North Carolina beach: Contrasting population size structures and tidal migrations, Mar. Ecol. Proj. Ser., 7, 297–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Labour MV (1907) Larval trematodes of the

    Google Scholar 

  109. Northumberland coast, Newcastle Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Ser. 2, 1, (437–453).

    Google Scholar 

  110. Lever J and Thijssen R (1968) Sorting phenomena during the transport of shell valves on sandy beaches studied with the use of artificial valves, Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 22: 259–271.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Lever J Kessler A van Overbeeke AP and Thijssen R (1961) Quantitative beach research. II. The “hole effect”. A second mode of sorting of lamellibranch valves on sandy beaches, Neths. J. Sea Res., 1, 339–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Lever J Van Den Bosch M Cook H T Van Dijk AJH Thiadens SJ and Thijssen R (1964) Quantitative beach research. III. An experiment with artificial valves of Donax vittatus, Neths. J. Sea Res., 2, 458–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Lewin J Eckman JE and Ware GN (1979) Blooms of surf-zone diatoms along the coast of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. XI Regeneration of ammonium in the surf environment by the Pacific Razor Clam Siliqua patula, Mar. Biol., 52, 1–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Lingwood PF (1976) Moribund macrofauna of the S.W. Lancashire coast 1971–1975, Publ. Lancashire and Cheshire fauna Soc. 69, p6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Loesch HC (1957) Studies of the ecology of two species of Donax on Mustang Island, Texas, Publ. Inst. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas 4 No. 2: 201–227.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Lucas A (1965) Recherche sur la sexualité des mollusques bivalves, Bull. biol. Fr. Belg. 99 (2): 115–247.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Macnae W and Kalk M (1962) The fauna and flora of the sand flats at Inhaca Island, Mozambique, J. anim. Ecol. 31, 93–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Mahieu G de Mascitti G and Jaffe K (1981) Effecto del petroleo crudo sobre los moluscos comerciales litorales Donax denticulatus y Crassostrea rhizophorae in Venezeula, Proc. Gulf. Carib. Fish. Inst., 33, 125–139.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Mane UH and Talikhedkar PM (1976) Respiration of the wedge clam Donax cuneatus, Indian J. mar. Sci. 5 (2), 243–246.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Massé H (1963) Quelques données sur l’economie alimentaire d’une biocoenose infralittorale, Rec. Tray. St. Mar. End. Bull 31 Fax 47, 153–166.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Massé H (1968) Etude des variations de la biomasse dans une biocoenose infralittorale de substrat meuble, Rec. Tray. St. Mar. End. Bull. 43 Fax 59. 25–31.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Massé H (1971) Contribution è l’étude de la macrofaune de peuplements des sables fins infralittoraux des côtes de Provence. II La baie du Prado (Golfe de Marseille), Téthys 3, 113–158.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Massé H (1972a) Contribution è l’étude de la macrofaune de peuplements des sables fins infralittoraux des Côtes de Provence V. La côte de Camargue, Téthys 3, 539–568.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Massé H (1972b) Contribution è l’étude de la macrofaune de peuplement des sables fins infralittoraux des Côtes de Provence. 6 -Données sur la biologie des espèces, Téthys 4 (1) 63–84.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Mauri M (1980) Formazione di nefroliti contenenti manganese in Donax trunculus L. ( Bivalvia ), Mem. Biol. Marina and Oceanogr. Suppl X. 235–240.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Mauri M and Orlando E (1979) Accumulo di Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, nei tessuti di Donax trunculus L. (Bivalvia), Quad. L.b. Tecnol. Pesca, 3 (1 suppl.) 643–648.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Mauri M and Orlando E (1982) Experimental study on renal concretions in the wedge shell Donax trunculus L, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 63, 47–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Mauri M and Orlando E and Falcone M (1978) Dati preliminari sul!’ accumulo di metalli pesanti in Donax trunculus L. (Bivalvia), Boll. Zool. 45 (2), 226.

    Google Scholar 

  129. McKay DW (1972) Mass mortality of Donax vittatus (de Costa) at Sandend Bay, Banffshire, Conchologist Newsl. No. 43 284–285.

    Google Scholar 

  130. McLachlan A (1979) Growth and production of Donax sordidus Hanley on an open sandy beach in Algoa Bay, S. Afr. J. Zool., 14, 61–66.

    Google Scholar 

  131. McLachlan A (1980) Exposed sandy beaches as semi-enclosed ecosystems, Marine Environ. Res. 4, 59–63.

    Google Scholar 

  132. McLachlan A and Hanekom (1979) Aspects of the biology, ecology and seasonal fluctuations and biochemical composition of Donax serra in the East Cape, S. Afr. J. Zool., 14, 183–193.

    Google Scholar 

  133. McLachlan A and Van Der Horst G (1979) Growth and production of two molluscs from an exposed sandy beach, S. Afr. J. Zool., 14, 194–201.

    Google Scholar 

  134. McLachlan A and Lewin J (1981) Observations on surf phytoplankton blooms along the coast of South Africa, Botanica Marina, 24, 553–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. McLachlan A and Young N (1982) Effects of low temperature on the burrowing rates of four sandy beach molluscs, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 65, 275–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. McLachlan A Cooper C and Van Der Horst H (1979a) Growth and production of Bullia rhodostoma on an open sandy beach in Algoa Bay, S. Afr. J. Zool., 14, 49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  137. McLachlan A Wooldridge T and Van Der Horst G (1979b) Tidal movements of the macrofauna on an exposed sandy beach in South Africa, J. Zool. Lond. 188, 433–442.

    Google Scholar 

  138. McLachlan A Wooldridge T Schramm M and Kuhn M (1980) Seasonal abundance, biomass and feeding of shore birds on sandy beaches in the eastern cape, South Africa, Ostrich, 51, 44–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. McLachlan A Erasmus T Dye AH Wooldridge T Van Der Horst G Rossouw G Lasiak TA and Mcgwynne L (1981) Sand beach energetics. An ecosystem approach towards a high energy interface, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sci., 13, 11–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. McLusky D and Stirling A (1975) The oxygen consumption and feeding of Donax incarnatus and Donax spiculum from tropical beaches, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 51 (4), 943–947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. McLusky D Nair SA Stirling A and Bhargava R (1975) The ecology of a central West Indian beach with particular reference to Donax incarnatus, Mar. Biol. Berlin. 30 (3), 267–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Mikkelsen PS (1981) A comparison of two Florida populations of the coquina clam, Donax variabilis Say, 1822. (Bivalvia: Donacidae) I. Intertidal density, distribution and migration,. Veliger, 23, 230–239.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Moment GB (1962) Reflexive Selection: a possible answer to an old puzzle, Science, N.Y. 136, 202–203.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Mori S (1938) Characteristic tidal rhythmic migration of a mussel, Donax semignosus Dunker, and the experimental analysis of its behaviour at the flood tide, Zool. Mag. Tokio. 50, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Mori S (1950) Characteristic tidal rhythmic migration of a mussel, Donax semignosus Dunker and the experimental analysis of its behaviour, Zool. Mag. Tokio. 59, 87–89.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Morrison JPE (1971) Western Atlantic Donax, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 83, 545–568.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Moueza M (1972) Contribution à l’étude de la biologie de Donax trunculus L. (mollusque lamellibranche) dans l’Algèrois. Ethologie en baie de Bou-Ismail, Téthys 4 (3), 745–756.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Moueza M (1975) Contribution a l’étude de la biologie de Donax trunculus L. (mollusque

    Google Scholar 

  149. lamellibranche) dans l’Algèrois, Thèse Doctor es Sciences Nat., Univ. Aix-Marseille, 196 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Moueza M (1976) Contribution è l’étude de la biologie de Donax trunculus L. (mollusque lamellibranche) mechanisme de la nutrition, Journal moll. Stud. 42 (1), 17–30.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Moueza M and Chessel D (1976) Contribution l’étude de la biologie de Donax trunculus L. (mollusque lamellibranche) dans l’Algérois: analyse statistique de la dispersion le long d’une plage en baie de Bou Ismail, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 21 (3), 211–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. Moueza M and Frenkiel L (1974) Contribution è l’étude des structures palleales des Tellinacea. Morphologie et structure de manteau de Donax trunculus L, Proc. malac. Soc. Lond., 41, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Moueza M and Frenkiel L (1976) Contribution â l’étude de la biologie de Donax trunculus L. (mollusque lamellibranche) morphologie fonctionelle–anatomie microscopique–histologie de l’appareil digestif, J. moll. Stud. 42 (1), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Moueza M and Frenkiel L (1976) Premiers donnees sur l’ultrastructure de l’organe sensoriel du muscle cruciforme de Donax trunculus L. (Mollusque lamellibranche Tellinacea), Archives zool. exp. gen. 117 (4) 485–492.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Moueza M and Frenkiel L (1978) Le systeme circulatoire et le jeu des siphons chez Donax trunculus L. (mollusque lamellibranche), Malacologia 17 (1), 117–124.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Moueza M and Frenkiel-Renault L (1973) Contribution â l’étude de la biologie de Donax trunculus L. (mollusques lamellibranches) dans l’Algérois: la reproduction, Cahiers Biol. mar. 14 (3) 261–283.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Nagabhushanam R and Talikhedkar PM (1975) Neurosecretory cells in the cerebral and visceral ganglia of Donax cuneatus, Bull. Dept. Mar. Sci. Univ. Cochin, VII (2), 447–453.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Nagabhushanam R and Talikhedkar PM (1977e) Reproductive biology of the wedge clam Donax cuneatus, Indian J. mar. Sci. 6 (1), 35–38.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Nagabhushanam R and Talikhedkar PM (1977b) Seasonal variations in proteins, fat and glycogen of the wedge clam Donax cuneatus, Indian J. mar. Sci. 6 (1), 85–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Nair A (1978) Production ecology of a tropical sandy beach at Benaulim, Goa. Indian J. mar. Sci. 7 (3), 163–167.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Nair A Dalai SG and Ansari ZA (1978) Growth of the bean clam Donax incarnatus Gmelin from a sandy beach at Benaulim, Goa, Indian J. mar. Sci. 7 (3), 197–199.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Nair NB and AnseII AD (1968) Characteristics of penetration of the substratum by some marine bivalve molluscs, Proc. malac. Soc. Lond., 38, 179–197.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Nakazima M (1965) On the differentiation of the crenated–S Melds in the midgut-gland of Eulamellibranchia. (VII) crenated fold in Donax semigranosus, Venus 23–9 118–222.

    Google Scholar 

  164. Narchi W (1972) 1 the biology of Iphiqenia brasiliensis Lamarck, 1318 (Bivalvia, Donacidae), Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 4U(2), 79–91.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Narchi W (1974) Aspects ecologicos e adaptativos de alguns bivalves do litoral poulista, Papeis Avuls. Zool. S. Paulo 27 (19), 235–262.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Narchi W (1978) Functional anatomy of Donax hanleyanus Philippi 1847 (Donacidae-Bivalvia), Boletim Zool. Univ. S. Paulo 3, 121–142.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Nayar KN (1954) Studies on the growth of the wedge clam, Donax (Latona) cuneatus Linnaeus, Indian J. Fish, 2, 325–348.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Neff JM Carr RS and McCulloch WL (1981) Acute toxicity of a used chrome lignosulfonate drilling mud to several species of marine invertebrates, Mar. Environ. Res. 4 (4), 251–266.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Negus M (1975) An analysis of boreholes drilled by Natica catena (da Costa) in the valves of Donax vittatus (da Costa), Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 41 (4), 353–356.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Nicklès M (1950) Manuels Ouest-African. Mollusques Testaces marins de la Côte occidental d’Afrique, Paris, Lechevalier.

    Google Scholar 

  171. Nolte DJ (1954) Polymorphic coloration in Donax, Caryologia 6 Suppl. Atti IX Congr. Internat. Genet. pt. 2. 889–890.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Nolte DJ (1958) Genetic drift in populations of a sand mussel, Publ. Univ. Pretoria N.R. No. 7. 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Olivier SR Capezzani DDA Carreto JJ Christiansen HE Moreno VJ Moreno JEA and Penchaszadeh PE (1971) Estructura de la comunidad, dinamica de la poblacion y biologia de la almeja amarilla (Mesodesma mactroides Desh. 1854) en Mar Azul (Pdo. de Gral. Madariaga, Bs. As., Argentina), Projecto Desar. Pesquero, F.A.O. Ser. inf. Tec. 27, 190.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Orlando E and Mauri M (1978) Accumulation of manganese in Donax trunculus L. ( Bivalvia ), IV es Journees. Etud. Pollutions, pp 279–299.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Orton JH (1929) Severe environmental mortality among Abra (= Syndosmya) alba, Donax vittatus and other organisms of the Lancashire coast, Nature. London. 124 1929 p. 911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. Pearse AS Humm HJ and Wharton GW (1942) Ecology of sand beaches at Beaufort, North Carolina, Ecol. Monogr., 12, 135–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Pelseneer P (1896) Un trematode produisant la castration parasitaire chez Donax trunculus, Bull. Sc. Fr. Belg., 27, 357–363.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Pelseneer P (1906) Trematodes parasites de mollusques marins, Bull. Sci. France. Belgique. Paris. 40, 116–186.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Penchaszadeh PE and Olivier SR (1975) Ecologia de una problacion de “berberecho” (Donax hanleyanus) en Villa Gesell, Argentina, Malacologia 15 (1), 133–146.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Petrusewitz K (1966) Suggested list of more important concepts in productivity studies (definitions and symbols) in Secondary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, 1, 51–58. Warszawa-Karkow R.W.N.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Phillips T (1970) Notes on predation of the asteroid genus Luidia on Donax navicula at Playa Almejas, Baja California del Norte, Mexico, Tabulate. 3 (3): 16–18.

    Google Scholar 

  182. Pichon M (1967) Contribution à l’étude des peuplements de la zone intertidale sur sables fins et sables vaseux non fixés dans la region de Tulear, Rec. Tray. Stn. mar. Endoume (fasc. hors. ser. suppl). 7, 57–100.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Pichon Y Moueza M and Frenkiel L (1978) Physiologie de l’organe sensoriel de Donax trunculus L. (Moll.Lam.Tellinacea), J. Physiol, 74, 4, 9A.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Pichon Y Moueza M and Frenkiel L (1980) Mechanoreceptor properties of the sense organ of the cruciform muscle in a tellinacean lamellibranch, Donax trunculus: An electro-physiological approach, Mar. Biol. Lett. 1 (5), 273–284.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Pohlo RH (1967) Aspects of the biology of Donax qouldi and a note on evolution in Tellinacea (Bivalvia), Veliger. 9: 330–337

    Google Scholar 

  186. Pohlo RH (1969) Confusion concerning deposit feeding in the Tellinacea, Proc. Malacol. Soc. Lond., 38, 361–364.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Poli G (1972) Cycle reproducteur de Mollusques Lamellibranches et Gasteropodes du Bassin d’Arcachon, Thèse Doct. Specialité, Univ. Paris VI, 230 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  188. Ponder WF Colman PH Yonge CM and Colman MH (1981) The taxonomic position of Hemidonax, with a review of the genus (Bivalvia, Cardiacea), J. Malac. Soc. Aust. 5 (1/2), 41–64.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Purchon RD (1958) The stomach in the Eulamellibranchia: stomach type IV, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 131, 487–525.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Purchon RD (1960) The stomach in the Eulamellibranchia: stomach type IV and V, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 135, 431–489.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Purchon RD (1963) A note on the biology of Egeria radiata Lam. (Bivalvia: Donacidae), Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 35: 251–271.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Rahaman AA (1965) Nitrogen content of the lamellibranch Donax cuneatus Linnaeus, Current Sci, 34, 217–218.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Rahaman AA (1965) The chemical composition of the Lamellibranch Donax cuneatus Linn, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 62B: 188–194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Rao KS (1967) Annual reproductive cycle of the wedge clam Donax cuneatus Linnaeus, J. mar. biol. Ass. India 9 (1), 141–146.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Rao SR and Kutty MN (1969) Resistance to dessication and oxygen debt in wedge clams, Proc. Symposium of Mollusca Marine Biological Ass. India. Pt. II, 595–606.

    Google Scholar 

  196. Rees CB (1950) The indentification and classification of Lamellibranch larvae, Hull. Bull. mar. Ecol. 3, 73–104.

    Google Scholar 

  197. Reid RGB (1965) The structure and function of the stomach in bivalve molluscs, J. Zool., 147, 156–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  198. Roman M-L (1974) Etude d’une plage d’arrieremangrove dans la region Tulear (sud-ouest de Madagascar) Migrations tidales des especes caracteristiques de l’etage mediolittoral, Tethys, 5 (23), 449–467.

    Google Scholar 

  199. Sigurdsson JB Titman CW and Davies PA (1976) The dispersal of young post-larval bivalve molluscs by byssus threads, Nature, Lond., 262, 386–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. Smith DAS (1971) Polymorphism and population density in Donax ruqosa (Lamellibranchiata: Donacidae), J. Zool. Lond., 164, 429–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. Smith DAS (1975) Polymorphism and selective predation in Donax faba Gmelin (Bivalvia, Tellinacea), J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 17 (2), 205–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  202. Steele JH (1976) Comparative studies of beaches, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (B) 274 (934) 401–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  203. Stefan M (1962) Recherches sur l’activité periodique motrice de quelques Lamellibranches marines, Stud. Cercet. Biol. Acad. R.P.R. Ser. Biol. Anim. 14: 241–251.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Stenner RD and Nickless G (1975) Heavy metals in organisms of the Atlantic coast of south west Spain and Portugal, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 6 (6), 89–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Stoll E (1937) Beobachtungen uber die Fortbewegung bei einigen grabenden muscheln, Rev. suisse. Zool. Geneve. 44, 1937, 383–390.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Stoll E (1947) Sur le mode de locomotion des quelques mollusques marins, Tray. sta. biol. Roscoff, Paris No. 16, 1938, 5–29.

    Google Scholar 

  207. Talavera F and Faustino LA (1933) Edible mollusks of Manila, Philipp. J. Sci. Manila. 50, 1, 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  208. Talikhedkar PM and Mane UH (1977) Rate of water filtration by the wedge clam, Donax cuneatus, Marathwada Univ. J. Sci., (Biol.Sci.) 16 (19), 117–122.

    Google Scholar 

  209. Talikhedkar PM Mane UM and Nagabhushanam R 1976 (1978) Growth rate of the wedge clam Donax cuneatus at Miriya Bay, Ratnagiri, Indian J. Fish. 23 (1–2), 183–193.

    Google Scholar 

  210. Taylor JD (1968) Coral reefs and associated invertebrate communities (mainly molluscs) around Mahe, Seychelles, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (B). 254: 129–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  211. Tiffany WJ (1971) The tidal migration of Donax variabilis Say (Mollusca: Bivalvia), Veliger 14 (1) 82–85.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Tinbergen L (1960) The natural control of insects in pinewoods. I. Factors influencing the intensity of predation by song-birds, Archs. neerl. Zool., 13, 265–236.

    Google Scholar 

  213. Trevallion A Ansell AD Sivadas P and Narayanan B (1971) A preliminary account of two sandy beaches in South West India, Mar. Biol. (Berlin) 6 (3): 268–279.

    Google Scholar 

  214. Trueman ER (1967) Activity and heart rate of bivalve molluscs in their natural habitat, Nature, Lond. 214: 832–833.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Trueman ER (1968) A comparative account of the burrowing process of species of Mactra and of other bivalves, Proc. Malacol. Soc. Lond. 38 (Pt.2) 139–151.

    Google Scholar 

  216. Trueman ER (1971) The control of burrowing and the migratory behaviour of Donax denticulatus (Bivalvia, Tellinacea), J. Zool. Lond., 165, 453–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  217. Trueman ER and Ansell AD (1969) The mechanisms of burrowing into soft substrata by marine animals, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 7, 315–366.

    Google Scholar 

  218. Trueman ER Brand AR and David P (1966) The dynamics of burrowing of some common littoral bivalves, J. exp. Biol. 44: 469–492.

    Google Scholar 

  219. Turner HJ Jnr and Belding DL (1957) The tidal migrations of Donax variabilis Say., Limnol. Oceanogr. 2: 120–124.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Velloso KP Beck H and Wiedermann RO (1951) Molluscos Comestiveis da costa riograndense Donax hanleyana, Anais. assoc. quinn. Brazil. 10, 216–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. de Villiers G (1975a) Reproduction of the sand mussel Donax serra Roding, Invest. Rep. Sea Fish. Brch. Repl. S. Afr. 102, 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  222. de Villiers G (1975b) Growth, population dynamics, a mass mortality and arrangment of white sand mussels, Donax serra Roding, on beaches in the south-western Cape Province, Invest. Rep. Sea Fish. Brch. Repl. S. Afr. 109, 1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  223. de Villiers G (1979) Recovery of a population of white mussels Donax serra at Elands Bay, South Africa, following a mass mortality, Fish. Bull. S. Afr. 12

    Google Scholar 

  224. Wade BA (1965) Notes on the ecology of Donax denticulatus (Linne), Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish Inst. 17: 36–41.

    Google Scholar 

  225. Wade BA (1967) Studies on the biology of the West Indian beach clam, Donax denticulatus Linne. 1. Ecology, Bull. Mar. Sci. 17: 149–174.

    Google Scholar 

  226. Wade BA (1967) On the taxonomy, morphology and ecology of the beach clam, Donax striatus Linne, Bull. Mar. Sci. 17: 723–740.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Wade BA (1968) Studies on the biology of the West-Indian beach clam, Donax denticulatus Linne. 2. Life history, Bull. Mar. Sci. 18: 876–901.

    Google Scholar 

  228. Wade BA (1969) Studies on the biology of the West Indian beach clam, Donax denticulatus Linne. 3. Functional morphology, Bull. Mar. Sci., 19, 306–322.

    Google Scholar 

  229. Warwick RM George CL and Davies JR (1978) Annual macrofauna production in a Venus community, Estuar. coastal mar. Sci., 7, 215–241.

    Google Scholar 

  230. Williams AB and Porter HJ (1971) A ten-year study of meroplankton in North Carolina estuaries: occurrence of postmetamorphal bivalves, Chesapeake Sci. 12 (1): 26–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  231. Wolcott TG (1978) Ecological role of ghost crabs, Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius) on an ocean beach: Scavengers or predators, J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 31, 67–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  232. Yoloye V (1977) The biology of Iphigenia truncata (Monterosato) (Bivalvia, Tellinacea), Malacologia 16 (1), 295–301.

    Google Scholar 

  233. Yonge CM (1949) On the structure and adaptations of the Tellinacea deposit-feeding Eulamellibranchia, Phil. Trans. London. 234B, 609, 29–76.

    Google Scholar 

  234. Yonge CM (1957) Mantle fusion in the lamellibranchia, Publ. Staz. Zool. Napoli, 29, 151–171.

    Google Scholar 

  235. Zakhvatkina KA (1959) Lichinki duustvorchatykh molliuskov sevastopol’skogo rainona Chernogo Moria. (Larvae of bivalves mollusks of the Sevastopol Region of the Black Sea), Akad. Nauk. S.S.S.R. Trudy Sevastopol’skoi Biologicheskoi Stantsii, 11, 108–152.

    Google Scholar 

  236. Zammit VA and Newsholme EA (1976) The maximum activities of Hexokinase, phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, octopine dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, nucleoside diphosphokinase, glutamate-oxyaloacetate transaminase and arginine kinase in relation to carbohydrate utilization in muscles from marine invertebrates, Biochem. J. 160, 447–462.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Zhirmunsky AV (1963) A comparative study of cellular thermo-stability of marine invertebrates in relation to their geographical distribution and ecology, In Troshin AS and Prosser CL, eds. The Cell and Environmental Temperature. London. Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  238. Zhirmunsky AV and Chu Lrmuc (1963) The cell thermostability of sympatric species of Donax in relation to the temperature conditions of their habitat, Acta zool. Sinica 15: 21–27.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ansell, A.D. (1983). The Biology of the Genus Donax . In: McLachlan, A., Erasmus, T. (eds) Sandy Beaches as Ecosystems. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 19. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2938-3_46

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2938-3_46

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8521-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2938-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics