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Influence of mycorrhization on the growth of micropropagated plants

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Concepts in Mycorrhizal Research

Part of the book series: Handbook of Vegetation Science ((HAVS,volume 19/2))

Abstract

In the last years, urbanization and changes in eating habits have caused a shift towards the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. This has been followed by a growing commecialization of ornamental plants. These products come from a labour- and capital-intensive activity, where chemical inputs play an essential role, but also brings up a set of problems linked with the degradation of the natural environment and resource base. This review is to present new developments in the potential use of biological tools such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which should ensure adequate levels of food production with satisfactory reduction of chemical fertilizer and pesticides, in the context of technologies needed for sustainable agriculture. The potential of mycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers and bioprotectors to enhance crop production is well recognized, but not well exploited because of the current agronomic practices, with their implications for the environment. In order to clarify some points, it is proposed to discuss a case experiment conducted on tissue culture raised plantlets in controlled growth house (phytotron) and then transferred to the field. In vitro raised plantlets of strawberry var. elsanta where mycorrhized with arbuscular fungus Glomus intraradices Schenk and Smith. Roots were heavily mycorrhized at acclimatization stage. There were 100 per cent survival, shoot apices were active with no apparent ‘transient transfer shock’. In contrast, survival of the non-mycorrhized plantlets were remarkably low with reduced number of apical buds. The influence on overall growth and development in the phytotron controlled growth conditions in clay pots was negative. Non-mycorrhized plantlets produced more runners than mycorrhized plantlets in phytotron. However, on transfer to field, the mycorrhized plants established much better, attained healthy growth, produced a large number of fruits and a drastic increase was recorded in the number of vegetative runners.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Ajit Varma

  2. Swiss Federal Research Institut of Horticulture, Viticulture and Vegetables, Wadenswil, Switzerland, CH-8820

    Hannes Schuepp

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  1. Ajit Varma
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  2. Hannes Schuepp
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  1. Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India

    K. G. Mukerji

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Varma, A., Schuepp, H. (1996). Influence of mycorrhization on the growth of micropropagated plants. In: Mukerji, K.G. (eds) Concepts in Mycorrhizal Research. Handbook of Vegetation Science, vol 19/2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1124-1_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1124-1_5

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