Abstract
This chapter deals with parasitic weeds of arable land, that is, weeds that depend upon host plants for food and or water obtained thrugh absorptive organs termed haustoria. The parasitic habit is widespread among angiosperms and at least five different orders have parasitic genera. For descriptive purposes we can distinguish three general groups of parasites based on (1) degree of dependence upon the host, facultative or obligate; (2) portion of the host plant that is attacked, stem or root; and (3) the presence or absence of chlorophyll, semi- or holoparasitic. Facultative parasites have the potential for being autotrophic but this is seldom realized under field conditions where, like obligate parasites, a wide variety of hosts may be attacked. Most chlorophyll containing parasites are facultative, while those without this pigment are obviously obligate. The majority of the stem parasites, e.g., Cuscuta, mistletoes, are obligate. Some parasitic weeds such as Striga have a subterranean holoparasitic phase but are green after emerging from the soil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abou-raya, M.A. and El-Shakawy, M.A. (1979). Observations on the parasitic behavior of Thesium humile (Santalaceae): Fruit and its uptake of water. pp 6–16. In: Supplement to the Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Musselman, L.J., Worsham, A.D. and Eplee, R.E., eds. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina State University.
Ashton, R.M. and Santana, D. (1976). Cuscuta spp. (dodder): A literature review of its biology and control. 22 pp. University of California, Berkeley, Div. Agr. Sci. Bull. 1880.
Atsatt, P.R. (1977). The insect herbivore as a predictive model in parasitic seed plant biology. Am. Naturalist 91: 579–86.
Beilin, I.G. (1968). Tsvetkovye Poluparazit i Phrazity. Moscow: Naukh. (in Russian).
Danger, L. (1887). Unkrauter und Pflanzliche Schmarotzer. Hanover: C. Meyer, 166 pp.
Dawson, J.H. (1979). Control of dodder (Cuscuta spp.) in alfalfa with chlorpropham. pp. 245–253. In: Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Musselman et al., eds. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina State University.
Drennan, D.S.H. and El-Hiweris, S.O. (1979). Changes in growth regulating substances in Sorghum vulgare infected by Striga hermonthica. pp. 144–155. In: Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Musselman et al., eds. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina State University.
Furuya, T., Koyama, I., and Takabayashi, (1980). Studies on ecology and control of field dodder (Cuscuta pentagona Engelmann). Ecological characteristics and the control. Bull. Saitama Horticultural Experiment Station 9: 33–41.
Gimesi, A. (1979) Protection against Cuscuta with herbicides. pp. 292–296. In: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Musselman et al., eds. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina State University.
Girling, D.J., Greathead, D.J., Moyhyuddin, A.I., and Sankaran, I. (1979). The potential for biological control in the suppression of parasitic weeds. Biocontrol News Info. 1: 7–16.
King, L.J. (1966). Weeds of the World. Biology and Control. New York: Interscience. 526 pp.
Mizianty, M. (1975). Influence of Rhinanthus serotinus (Schönheit) Oborny on the productivity and floristic composition of the meadow plant association. Frag. Flor. Geobot. 21: 491–505.
Musselman, L.J. (1980). The biology of Striga, Orobanche and other root parasitic weeds. Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 18: 463–489.
Parker, C. and Reid, D.C. (1979). Host specificity in Striga species–some preliminary observations. pp. 79–90. In: Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Mussel-man et al., eds. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina State University.
Pederick. L.A. and Zimmer, W.J. (1961). The parasitic forest dodder-laurel Cassytha melantha R. Br Forests Commission of Victoria, Bull. 12. 16 pp.
Schmitt, U., Schluter, K. and Boorsma, P.A. (1979). Chemical control of Orobanche crenata in broadbeans. FAO Plant Protection Bull. 27: 88–91.
Subramanian, C.L. and Srinivasan, A.R. (1960). A review of the literature on the phanerogamous parasites. Indian Council Agr. Res. Mon. 10. 96 pp.
Werth, C., Pusateri, W.P., Eshbaugh, W.H., and Wilson, T.K. (1979). Field observations on the natural history of Cassytha filiformis L. (Lauraceae) in the Bahamas. pp. 94–102. In: Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Mussel-man et al., eds. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina State University.
Whitney, P.J. (1973). Transport across the region of fusion between broadbean (Vicia faba) and broomrape (Orobanche crenata). pp. 154–165. In: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds, European Weed Research Council. Malta: Royal University. 295 pp.
Wolswinkel, P. (1979). Transport of assimilates and mineral elements at the site of attachment of Cuscuta. The role of phloem unloading in the parasitic relationship. pp. 156–164. In: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. Musselman, et al., eds. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina State University.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Musselman, L.J. (1982). Parasitic weeds of arable land. In: Holzner, W., Numata, M. (eds) Biology and ecology of weeds. Geobotany, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0916-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0916-3_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8519-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0916-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive