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Vegetation Monitoring on a Small-Scale Restoration Site in the Alpine Belt: Pilatus Kulm, Switzerland

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Biomonitoring: General and Applied Aspects on Regional and Global Scales

Part of the book series: Tasks for vegetation science ((TAVS,volume 35))

Abstract

The vegetation restoration of a site (ca. 300 square metres) on Pilatus Kulm (2060 metres a. s. l., Obwalden, Switzerland) located in the alpine belt was observed between 1990 and 1998. Severe damage to the vegetation cover had occurred during construction of a sewer pipeline from Pilatus Kulm down to the valley and establishment of military installations. In a first stage, plant recolonization was induced by planting different seedlings of herbs. In a second stage, seeds of alpine grass species were used to achieve a denser pioneer vegetation cover. A vegetation study made at different plots of the investigation area revealed that over 80% of the transplants survived the four-year period (1990–1994). On the whole, the plant cover increased to up to 40% on the slope and up to 80% on tilted borders within the four-year period. The species diversity increased faster in the random area due to natural immigration. With the introduction of seedlings in 1994, along with favourable circumstances, the establishment of the vegetation has been accelerated, resulting in an area which is now covered by dense herbaceous vegetation. In 1998, the control plots showed a plant cover of 60% on the slope and up to 95% on tilted borders. During the eight-year monitoring period, considerable fluctuations of species could be observed.

Kurzfassung

Die Entwicklung einer naturnah wiederbegrünten Fläche (ca. 300 m2) in der alpinen Stufe auf Pilatus Kulm (2060 m ü.M., Obwalden, Schweiz) wurde von 1990 bis 1998 beobachtet. Die Vegetation war durch Bauarbeiten an der Kanalisation Pilatus Kulm — Alpnach (1988/1989) sowie durch Installationen für Bauten des Bundesamts für Militärflugplätze 1992/1993 weitgehend zerstört worden. Mit der Pflanzung von Setzlingen wurde zuerst die Wiederbesiedlung vorbereitet und die Pioniervegetation mit der Ansaat von standortgerechten Grassamen anschliessend verdichtet (1990–1994). An Kontrollstandorten (Dauerbeobachtungsflächen) hat sich die Bedeckung in vier Jahren auf 40% am Hang und auf 80% an den randlichen Kanten erhöht. Die Artenvielfalt hat in randlichen Bereichen natürlicherweise stärker zugenommen. Rund 80% der eingesetzten Pflanzen überlebten die Vierjahresperiode. Mit der zusätzlichen Ansaat von 1994 konnte die Begrünung beschleunigt werden, so dass die Fläche nach acht Jahren, dank geeigneter Rahmenbedingungen, eine weitgehend geschlossene Vegetationsdecke aufweist. Die Deckung auf den Kontrollflächen betrug zwischen 60% am Hang und 95% an den randlichen Kanten, wobei eine hohe Fluktuation der Arten feststellbar war.

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© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Ruoss, E., Burga, C.A., Eschmann, J. (2001). Vegetation Monitoring on a Small-Scale Restoration Site in the Alpine Belt: Pilatus Kulm, Switzerland. In: Burga, C.A., Kratochwil, A. (eds) Biomonitoring: General and Applied Aspects on Regional and Global Scales. Tasks for vegetation science, vol 35. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9686-2_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9686-2_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5621-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9686-2

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