Abstract
Until now analysis was restricted to acts-in-the-law whose successful performances have ‘positive’ legal effects. However, acts-in-the-law whose successful performances have ‘negative’ legal effects play an equally significant role in legal systems. Thus, the important category of permissive acts-in-thelaw is negative in character.
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References
Searle and Vanderveken (1985), 4; Vanderveken I (1990), 24.
Searle and Vanderveken (1985), 5.; Vanderveken I (1990), 24.
Searle and Vanderveken (1985), 76. The expression ‘iffis shorthand for ‘if and only if’.
A. Soeteman, Logic in Law, Dordrecht, 1989, 150.
G.H. von Wright, Norm and Action, London, 1963, 86; A. Soeteman(1989), 132–182 et passim.
See for an account of the development of deontic logic: G. Kalinowski, Einführung in die Normenlogik, Frankfurt a. M, 1973, a translation of ‘Logique des normes’ (1971).
Von Wright (1963), 85.
Ibid., 86.
Ibid., 90.
Ibid., 91.
Ibid., 89.
Ibid., 92.
Ibid., 120. This is apparently a slip on von Wright’s part, for ‘a prohibition of noninterference’ means, literally, ‘a duty to interfere’, whereas the author had ‘duties of non-interference’ in mind.
Ibid. , 120.
Von Wright (1963), 140.
Art. 3, sec. 2, French Constitution 1958.
Von Wright (1963), 191.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Kelsen (1991), 106.
Ibid., 107.
See Appendix B.
See Soeteman (1989), 133–150.
MacCormick and Weinberger (1986), 51–76.
Cf. Commissie algemene bepalingen van administratief recht, Algemene bepalingen van administratief recht, 4th impression, Groningen, 1973, 118.
Kelsen (1967), 277–278.
Kelsen (1967), 277. In this and the following quotations from Max Knight’s translation of the second edition of Pure Theory of Law the German verb ‘vernichten’ , which is equivalent to the Dutch ‘vernietigen’, is translated as ‘to annul’. Heeding a remark made by the translators of the first edition, Bonnie Litschewski Paulson and Stanley L. Paulson, I use the verb ‘to invalidate’ and its derivatives. The Paulsons justify the adjective ‘invalidatable’ as a translation of the German ‘vernichtbar’ in the following
way: ‘The more familiar ‘nullifiable’ and ‘voidable’ are misleading in suggesting that the overturning of the norm reaches, eo ipso, back to its point of issuance, rendering it null and void. Kelsen rejects nullifiability, thus understood.’ See Kelsen (1992), 73. Since I obviously agree with Kelsen’s point of view, I have followed the Paulsons’ terminological suggestion.
Ibid., 278.
Ibid.
This means that MacCormick’s distinction between ‘constitutive rules’ and ‘terminative rules’ is not only a distinction between rules underlying, respectively, the creation and the termination of legal institutions but is a distinction, moreover, between rules constituting acts-in-the-law whose successful performances produce legal institutions and rules constituting acts-in-the-law whose successful performances are about legal institutions. See MacCormick and Weinberger (1986), 52–53.
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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Ruiter, D.W.P. (1993). Negative Acts-in-the-Law. In: Institutional Legal Facts. Law and Philosophy Library, vol 18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8198-1_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8198-1_4
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