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The Immunological Construction of the Self

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Organism and the Origins of Self

Part of the book series: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science ((BSPS,volume 129))

Abstract

An organism can no longer be construed as a self-contained, independent unit with fixed boundaries, as it was still considered according to the theory of materialism. That concept became more abstract and fictitious, and its particular meaning depended upon the purpose of the investigation. For the morphologist it has changed into the concept of genotype as the abstract and fictitious results of hereditary factors. In physiology we find the concept of “harmonious life unit”, according to Gradmann, “characterized by the notion that the activities of the parts are mutually complementary, mutually dependant upon each other, and form a viable whole through their cooperation”. Morphological organisms of the type which are self-contained units do not have this ability. But a lichen, for instance, whose constituents are of completely different origins, one part an alga, another a fungus, constitutes such a harmonious life unit. The constituents are closely interdependent and on their own are usually not viable. All symbioses, for instance between nitrogen fixing bacteria and beans, between mycorrhiza and certain forest trees, between animals and photogenic bacteria, and between some wood beetles and fungi, form “harmonious life units”, as do animals such as the ant colony and ecological units such as a forest. A whole scale of complexes exists, which, depending on the purpose of the investigation, are regarded as biological individuals. For some investigators the cell is considered the individual, for others it is the syncytium, for still others a symbiosis or lately even an ecological complex. “It is therefore a prejudice to stress the idea of organism”, in the old sense of the word, “as a special kind of life unit, a prejudice which is unbecoming to modern biology” [Gradmann] [1].

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Notes

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  1. Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France

    Ilana Löwy

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  1. Boston University School of Medicine, USA

    Alfred I. Tauber

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© 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Löwy, I. (1991). The Immunological Construction of the Self. In: Tauber, A.I. (eds) Organism and the Origins of Self. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol 129. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3406-4_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3406-4_3

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