Far Infrared and Submillimeter Continuum Observations of Solar Flares: Justifications and Prospects for Ground-Based Experiments

Abstract

Solar flare observations in the sub-mm spectral bands are essentially non-existent. There is evidence that some solar bursts exhibit a spectral component rising in intensity towards wavelengths shorter than 3 mm, displaying fast sub-second pulses at different repetition rates. On the other hand, the spectral features of white light flares are also unknown in the infra-red range of frequencies. In both wavelength ranges the physics of the emission processes may involve particles accelerated to high energies. The diagnostics of solar flare continuum emission in the IR and sub-mm spectral regions will provide crucial tests on various flare models and bring some clues on the initial primary energy release mechanisms. We propose the construction and operation of a ground-based telescope, operating at two sub-millimeter wavelengths (at about 210 GHz and 405 GHz), with high time resolution (one millisecond), capable of determining the spatial position of burst emission centroids with high definition (a few arcseconds) using the multiple beam technique. Final installation and operation at a high-altitude site in the Argentinian Andes mountains are planned in a joint cooperation with Argentina’s Institute de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, IAFE (M. Rovira and associates) and Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito, CASLEO, San Juan (H. Levato and associates); and Switzerland’s University of Bern, Institute of Applied Physics, IAP, Bern (A. Magun and associates).