Abstract
The Békés basin (areal extent 3900 km2) is a northwest-trending, Neogene basin located in southeast Hungary. The basin contains over 6500 m of synrift and postrift sedimentary fill. Middle Miocene synrift deposits are relatively thin and no Paleogene rocks have been reported to be present. The prerift section (basement) is composed of Mesozoic carbonate and clastic rocks and Paleozoic and older volcanic, igneous and metamorphic rocks. The Mesozoic rocks represent dominantly shallow-water environments and are up to 5000 m thick in the Békés-Doboz Mesozoic trough and 2000 m thick in the Battonya-Pusztaföldvar Mesozoic trough.
In the basement numerous examples of a repeated section occur, as reported in exploration well reports, and these are inferred to have resulted from overthrusting. At the Tötkomlös-I well, Triassic rocks overlie Jurassic rocks, and at the Békés-2 well, Triassic and Jurassic rocks overlie Cretaceous rocks. Nappes composed of Paleozoic and older rocks overlying Mesozoic rocks have not been reported; the interpretation of seismic data, however, indicates that such nappes could be present.
Mesozoic nappes in the basement occur primarily in two parallel, northeast-southwest-trending belts. Rock units of the southern belt (Battonya-Pusztaföldvár trough) can be correlated to lithologie successions in the allochthonous Codru nappes of the Apuseni Mountains of western Romania. Rock units in the northern belt (Békés-Doboz trough) can be correlated to lithologic successions in the Bihor autochthon of the northern Apuseni Mountains.
A gravity model constructed across the eastern part of the Békés basin near the Hungarian-Romanian border, indicates that the crust near the axis of the Békés basin is composed of either dense (mafic?) rocks and/or that the mantle lies at relatively shallow depth. The dense rocks may represent fragments of a Mesozoic oceanic crust, and, as such, may be similar in composition to the ophiolites in the Apuseni Mountains. An alternate possibility is that rocks of high density were intruded into the crust during an extensional phase in Neogene time.
Along the northwest boundary of the Békés basin, several northeast-southwest-trending, buried, basement ridges and small troughs occur. These appear to be associated with a middle-Miocene, left-lateral, strike-slip fault zone. Quantitative estimates of the amount of strike-slip movement cannot be made using the existing seismic reflection and well data. Above several of the basement ridges, listric normal faults are present. These faults are inferred to have resulted from differential compaction of sediments, and not from reactivation of strike-slip faults.
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Grow, J.A. et al. (1994). Structure of the Békés Basin Inferred from Seismic Reflection, Well and Gravity Data. In: Teleki, P.G., Mattick, R.E., Kókai, J. (eds) Basin Analysis in Petroleum Exploration. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0954-3_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0954-3_1
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