Skip to main content

Neural Pathology of the Heart in Sudden Death

  • Chapter
Sudden Death

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 4))

Abstract

When sudden death occurs unexpectedly and cannot be explained by usual findings or circumstances, most now believe that the terminal event was a lethal disturbance of the electrical activity of the heart. By contrast to occasionally fatal instability, there is normally a remarkable stability of cardiac rhythm and conduction which. is marvelously durable under a continuing barrage of changes in demand on the work of the heart. Many different factors contribute to this durable stability. Familiar ones include changes in the contractile property of myocardium and in the pattern of coronary flow. It is not generally appreciated how important autonomic neural control is to almost every facet of this stable performance, including not only cardiac contraction and coronary flow, but also every component of the heart’s electrophysiological function. Nerves influence the rate at which the heart beats, the nature of its rhythm, the speed and route by which it conducts its electrical impulse, and the process by which both the atrial and ventricular myocardium becomes repolarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Rossi L: Histopathology of cardiac arrhythmias ( second edition ). Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abildskov JA: Adrenergic effects on the QT interval of the electrocardiogram. Am Heart J 92: 210–216, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Burgess MJ: Relation of ventricular repolarization to electrocardiographic T wave-form and arrhythmia vulnerability. Am J Physiol 5: H391 - H402, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  4. James TN, Urthaler F, Isobe JH: Neurogenic influence on the P-Tp segment. Am J Cardiol 32: 799–807, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. James TN: Cardiac innervation: Anatomic and pharmacologic relations. Bull NY Acad Med 43: 1041–1086, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Becker AE: The glomera in the region of the heart and great vessels. Pathol Eur 1: 410–424, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Eckstein RW, Shintani F, Rowen HE Jr, Shimomura K, Ohya N: Identification of left coronary blood supply of aortic bodies in anesthetized dogs. J Appl Physiol 30: 488–492, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. James TN, Isobe JH, Urthaler F: Analysis of components in a hypertensive cardiogenic chemoreflex. Circulation 52: 179–192, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. James TN: De Subitaneis Mortibus. XXVIII. Apoplexy of the heart. Circulation 57: 385–391, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. James TN: De Subitaneis Mortibus. XXIV. Ruptured interventricular septum and heart block. Circulation 55: 934–946, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. James TN, Rupe CE, Monto RW: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med 63: 402–410, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. James TN, Birk RE: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in polyarteritis nodosa and its variants. Arch Intern Med 177: 561–567, 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. James TN: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in amyloidosis. Ann Intern Med 65: 28–36, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. James TN, Monto RW: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med 65: 37–43, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. James TN, Carson NAJ, Froggatt P: De Subitaneis Mortibus. IV. Coronary vessels and conduction system in homocystinuria. Circulation 49: 367–374, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. James TN: Observations on the cardiovascular involvement (including the cardiac conduction system) in progressive muscular dystrophy. Am Heart J 63: 48–56, 1962.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rossi L, James TN: Neurovascular pathology of the heart in progressive muscular dystrophy. Panminerva Med 6: 357–360, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  18. James TN, Fisch C: Observations on the cardiovascular involvement in Friedreich’s ataxia. Am Heart J 66: 164–175, 1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. James TN, Reynolds EW Jr: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in a case of diphtheria associated with atrial arrhythmias and heart block. Circulation 28: 263–267, 1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Morales AR, Vichitbandha P, Chandruang P, Evans H, Bourgeois CH: Pathological features of cardiac conduction disturbances in diphtheritic myocarditis. Arch Pathol 91: 1–7, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. James TN, Froggatt P, Atkinson WJ, Lurie PR, McNamara DG, Miller WW, Schloss GT, Carroll JF, North RL: De Subitaneis Mortibus. XXX. Observations on the pathophysiology of the long QT syndromes with special reference to the neuropathology of the heart. Circulation 57: 1221–1231, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Moore JI, Swain HH: Sensitization to ventricular fibrillation. I. Sensitization by a substituted propiophenone, U-0882. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 128: 243–252, 1960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. James TN, Bear ES: Cardiac effects of some simple aliphatic aldehydes. J. Pharmacol Exp Ther 163: 300–308, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jervell A, Lange-Nielsen F: Congenital deaf-mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the Q-T interval, and sudden death. Am Heart J 54: 59–68, 1957.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fraser GR, Froggatt P, James TN: Congenital deafness associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities, fainting attacks and sudden death. A recessive syndrome. Q J Med 33: 361–385, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Romano C, Gemme G, Pongiglione R: Aritmie Cardiache Rare Dell’eta’ Pediatrica. II. Accessi sincopali per fibrillazione ventricolare parossistica. (Presentazione del primo case della letteratura pediatrica italiana.) Clin Pediat 45: 656–683, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ward OC: A new familial cardiac syndrome in children. J Irish Med Assn 54: 103–106, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. James TN: Congenital deafness and cardiac arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 19: 627–643, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Moss AJ, McDonald J: Unilateral cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglionectomy for the treatment of long QT interval syndrome. N Engl J Med 285: 903–904, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Schwartz PJ, Malliani A: Electrical alternation of the T-wave: Clinical and experimental evidence of its relationship with the sympathetic nervous system and with the long Q-T syndrome. Am Heart J 89: 45–50, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Coyer BH, Pryor R, Kirsch WM, Blount SG Jr: Left stellectomy in the long QT syndrome. Chest 74: 584–586, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Urthaler F, Millar K, Burgess MJ, Abildskov JA, James TN: Comparative dependence on adrenergic neural tone by automaticity in the sinus node and in the AV junction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 187: 269–279, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Warren KG, Brown SM, Wroblewska Z, Gilden D, Koprowski H, Subak-Sharpe J: Isolation of latent herpes simplex virus from the superior cervical and vagus ganglions of human beings. New Eng J Med 298: 1068–1069, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Moe GK, Abildskov JA: Atrial fibrillation as a self-sustaining arrhythmia independent of focal discharge. Am Heart J 58: 59–70, 1959.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Han J, Millet D, Chizzonitti B, Moe GK: Temporal dispersion of recovery of excitability in atrium and ventricle as a function of heart rate. Am Heart J 71: 481–487, 1966.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. James TN: Cholinergic mechanisms in the sinus node with particular reference to the actions of hemocholinium. Circ Res 19: 347–357, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. James TN, Bear ES, Lang KF, Green EW, Winkler HH: Adrenergic mechanisms in the sinus node. Arch Intern Med 125: 512–547, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Urthaler F, James TN: Cholinergic and adrenergic control of the sinus node and AV junction. Chapter 9 in Neural Regulation of the Heart, Randall WC (ed), Oxford University Press, New York, 1977, p 247–288.

    Google Scholar 

  39. James TN, Bear ES, Frink RI, Lang KF, Tomlinson JC: Selective stimulation, suppression or blockade of the AV node and His bundle. J Lab Clin Med 76: 240–256, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Urthaler F, Katholi CR, Macy J Jr, James TN: Mathematical relationship between automaticity of the sinus node and the AV junction. Am Heart J 86: 189–195, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Urthaler F, Katholi CR, Macy J Jr, James TN: Electrophysiological and mathematical characteristics of the escape rhythm during complete AV block. Cardiovasc Res 8: 173–186, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers bv, The Hague

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

James, T.N. (1980). Neural Pathology of the Heart in Sudden Death. In: Kulbertus, H.E., Wellens, H.J.J. (eds) Sudden Death. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8834-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8834-7_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8836-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8834-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics