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Carotenoids in Seed-Bearing Plants—Photosynthetic Tissues

  • Chapter
The Biochemistry of the Carotenoids

Abstract

Various extensive surveys, especially those carried out by Strain [1, 2], have revealed that the leaves of higher plants usually contain the same carotenoids: β-carotene (1.13), lutein (1.74), violaxanthin (1.58) and neoxanthin (1.47). They are occasionally accompanied by smaller amounts of α-carotene (1.12), mutatochrome [β-carotene-5,8-epoxide (1.44) [3], β-cryptoxanthin (1.60), lutein 5,6-epoxide [4] [≡isolutein [5], eloxanthin [6], taraxanthin [7]] (1.48), zeaxanthin (1.19) and antheraxanthin (1.24). For example, α-carotene was detected in only 68% of the species examined in an early survey [8]. Even more rarely have other xanthophylls been observed, such as α-cryptoxanthin [≡zeinoxanthin (4.1)] [9] in lucerne (Medicago sativa) [10]. Xanthophylls normally occur unesterified in leaves [11] but during senescence when the chloroplasts are disintegrating the xanthophylls released into the cytoplasm are esterified [12] (see Section 4.10.2).

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    T. W. Goodwin C.B.E., F.R.S. (Johnston Professor of Biochemistry)

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Goodwin, T.W. (1980). Carotenoids in Seed-Bearing Plants—Photosynthetic Tissues. In: The Biochemistry of the Carotenoids. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5860-9_4

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