Productivity and nutrient relationships in psammophytic versus epilithic forms of Bryopsidales (Chlorophyta): comparisons based on a short-term physiological assay

Abstract

Members of the green algal order Bryopsidales (= Caulerpales) are important calcifying agents of tropical reefs and comprise two fundamentally different life-form groups: (1) epilithic species with limited attachment structures and (2) psammophytic forms that have extensive subterranean rhizoidal systems. Because the shallow-water habitats of the former have relatively low nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P_i) ratios compared to the pore waters of the sedimentary carbonate-rich substrata in which the latter are anchored, we hypothesized that epilithic forms should tend to be relatively more limited by N, while psammophytic species should tend to show P_i limitation. In partial support of the hypothesis, light-saturated net photosynthesis (P_max) in the epilithic forms, Halimeda opuntia, H. lacrimosa and H. copiosa, tended to be enhanced by N, while P_i was inhibitory or had no effect. In contrast, the psammophytic forms, Udotea sp., U. conglutinata, H. monile, H. tuna and H. simulans, tended to be stimulated more by P_i, whereas N had little effect. The utility of a bioassay to assess macroalgal nutrient limitation, based on a physiological response (net P_max) to short-term nutrient pulses, is demonstrated.