Abstract
Light sources for spectroscopy may be divided into broad-band (or continuum) sources suitable for intensity standards or as backgrounds for absorption spectroscopy, and narrow-band (or line) sources for emission spectroscopy.Consideration of lasers is deferred to Chapter 8. Before discussing individual types of light source it is useful to define ‘light intensity’ and to deal briefly with some general concepts such as temperature, excitation energy and equilibrium.
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References
The order is alphabetical within each group, and within each sub-group in the last group.
General: Radiometry, Blackbody, Einstein Coefficients, etc.
Corney, A. (1977) Atomic and Laser Spectroscopy, Oxford University Press.
Ditchburn, R.W. (1963) Light, Blackie, London.
Grun, F. and Becherer, R.J. (1979) Optical Radiation Measurements, Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York.
Loudon, R. (1977) Quantum Theory of Light, Oxford University Press.
Sources and Detectors, General
Harrison, G.R., Lord, R.C. and Loofbourow, J.R. (1948) Practical Spectroscopy, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Keyes, R.J. (ed.) (1976) Optical and Infrared Detectors (Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 19), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Kingston, R.H. (1978) Detection of Optical and Infrared Radiation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Sawyer, R.A. (1961) Experimental Spectroscopy, Dover, New York.
Infra-Red Region
Chantry, G.W. (1984) Long-wave Optics (2 Vols), Academic Press, New York.
Conn, G.K.T. and Avery, D.G. (1960) Infrared Methods, Academic Press, New York.
Kimmit, M.F. (1970) Far Infrared Techniques, Pion, London.
Kruse, P.W., McGlauchlin, L.D. and McQuistan, R.B. (1962) Elements of Infra-red Technology, Wiley, New York.
Martin, A.E. (1966) Infra-red Instrumentation and Techniques, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Martin, D.H. (ed.) (1967) Spectroscopic Techniques for Far Infra-red, Sub-millimetre and Millimetre Waves, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Robinson, L.C. (1973) Physical principles of far infra-red radiation, in Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol. 10 (ed. L. Marton), Academic Press, New York.
Smith, R.A., Jones, F.E. and Chasmar, R.P. (1968) Detection and Measurement of Infra-red Radiation, Oxford University Press.
Ultra-Violet Region
Garton, W.R.S. (1966) Spectroscopy in the vacuum ultra-violet, in Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics, Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York.
Samson, J.A.R. (1967) Techniques of Vacuum Ultra-violet Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York.
Zaidel, A.N. and Schreider, E.Y.A. (1970) Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Humphrey Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Ultra-Violet Intensity Standards
Key, P.J. and Preston, R.C. (1977) The ‘blackbody arc’ Appl. Opt., 16, 2477.
The deuterium lamp: (NBS) Saunders, R.D., Ott, W.R. and Bridges, J.M. (1978) Appl Opt, 17, 593; (NPL) Key, P.J. and Preston, R.C. (1980) J. Phys. E, 13, 866.
The argon mini-arc: (NBS) Bridges, J.M. and Ott, W.R. (1977) Appl Opt, 16, 367: (NPL) Preston, R.C., Brookes, C. and Clutterbuck, F.W.J. (1980) J. Phys. E, 13, 1206.
Special Sources
Information on standard laboratory sources can be found in [5-19] above. The references below give further information on sources that are too new or too rarely used to be covered adequately or at all in [5-19].
Flames
Gaydon, A.G. and Wolfhard, H.G. (1960) Flames, Chapman and Hall, London.
Arcs
Foster, E.W. (1964) Measurement of oscillator strengths, Rep. Prog. Phys., 27., 469.
Wiese, W.L. (1962) Electric arcs, in Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol. 7B (ed. L. Marton), Academic Press, New York.
Hollow Cathodes
Caroli, S. (ed.) (1985) Improved Hollow Cathode Lamps for Spectroscopy, Horwood, Chichester.
Tolansky, S. (1947) High Resolution Spectroscopy, Methuen, London.
Shock-Tubes
Kolb, A.C. and Griem, H.R. (1962) High temperature shock waves, in Atomic and Molecular Processes (ed. D.R. Bates), Academic Press, New York.
Pain, H.J. and Rogers, E.W.E. (1962) Shock waves in gases, Rep. Prog. Phys., 25, 287.
Plasma Sources
Burgess, D. D. (1972) Spectroscopy of laboratory plasmas, Space Sci. Rev., 13, 493.
Fawcett, B.C. (1974) Recent Progress in the Classification of the Spectra of Highly Ionised Atoms in Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics Vol. 10 (eds D.R. Bates and B. Bederson) p. 223, Academic Press, New York.
Glasstone, S. and Lovberg, R.H. (1960) Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Van Nostrand, New York.
Green, T.S. (1963) Thermonuclear Power, Newnes, London.
Gross, R.A. and Miller, B. (1970) Plasma heating by strong shock waves, in Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol. 9A (eds H.R. Griem and R.H. Lovberg), Academic Press, New York.
Mather, J.W. (1970) Dense plasma focus, in Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol. 9B (eds H.R. Griem and R.H. Lovberg), Academic Press, New York.
Niblett, G. B. F. (1970) Production and containment of high density plasmas, in Physics of Hot Plasmas (eds B.J. Rye and J.G. Taylor), Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
Beam Foil
Bashkin, S. (1968) Beam foil spectroscopy, Appl. Opt., 7, 2341.
Bashkin, S. (ed.) (1976) Beam Foil Spectroscopy (Topics in Current Physics, Vol. 1), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Inductively Coupled Plasma
Thompson, M. and Walsh, J.N. (1983) A Handbook of Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry, Blackie, London.
Boumans, P.W.J.M. (1987) Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, Wiley, Chichester.
Synchrotron Radiation
Godwin, R.P. (1969) Synchrotron radiation as a light source, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Vol. 51, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Laser Plasma Continuum
Carroll, P.K., Kennedy, E.T. and O’Sullivan, G. (1980) Laser-produced continua for absorption spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet and XUV, Appl. Opt., 19, 1454.
Kuhne, M. (1982) Radiometric comparison of a laser-produced plasma and a BRV-source plasma at normal incidence, Appl. Opt., 21, 2124.
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© 1988 Anne P. Thorne
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Thorne, A.P. (1988). Light sources and detectors. In: Spectrophysics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1193-2_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1193-2_4
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