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Weed ecology

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Landscape and Vegetation Ecology of the Kakadu Region, Northern Australia

Part of the book series: Geobotany ((GEOB,volume 23))

Abstract

Perennial weeds capable of invading relatively undisturbed native plant communities represent one of the greatest challenges for land management authorities in the Kakadu region. With their potential for dispersal and rapid population growth, these invasive species (especially Mimosa pigra) can severely modify natural communities in the region over a comparatively short period, especially the relatively vulnerable wetlands. Once established, factors such as persistent soil seed banks coupled with high plant fecundity and poor access to infestations during the wet season can make these species very difficult to remove.

Most weed species in the region are tropical annual herbs. The proportion of weed species in the flora of the region (5.8% or 89 species) is typical of that for adjoining areas and for similar biomes in conservation reserves on other continents. Rates of weed invasion in the region have been relatively low (1.6 species per year since 1948), but the large number of introduced species now in cultivation (>305) represents a potential source of weeds. Of these 119 are weeds in some situations in other countries, and 19 cultivated species have become weeds in nearby areas.

The management of alien plant species is subject to a complex regulatory framework, which provides for control of the growing, spread and introduction of certain declared noxious weeds and other introduced plants (including controls on the importation of some materials likely to contain weeds). Provision has been made to allow the cultivation of some approved introduced plants in addition to species found naturally in the region. Disturbance by either humans or feral animals appears to be a major factor favouring weed invasions. Control of feral animals and the early revegetation (with native species) of areas disturbed by humans are seen as important in minimising opportunities for weed invasion.

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  1. Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Jabiru, Northern Territory, Australia

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Cowie, I.D. (1996). Weed ecology. In: Finlayson, C.M., Von Oertzen, I. (eds) Landscape and Vegetation Ecology of the Kakadu Region, Northern Australia. Geobotany, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0133-9_6

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