Abstract
Protecting the Nation’s infrastructure from intentional attacks and natural disasters, including extreme weather events and climate change, is a major national security concern that has only become more critical since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 (This chapter focuses on the work performed at LANL concerning the protection of the critical infrastructures of the United States (the ‘Nation’); however the modeling concepts discussed here are generally applicable). Understanding potential weaknesses of infrastructure assets and how interdependencies across critical infrastructure affect their behavior is essential to predicting and mitigating single and cascading failures, as well as to planning for response and recovery and future infrastructure development. Modeling and simulation (M&S) is an indispensable part of characterizing this complex system of systems and anticipating its response to disruptions. With the advent of more sophisticated infrastructure M&S capabilities, the possible applications have expanded to include the security challenges faced by the U.S. military, which relies on sustainable energy resources and needs to address environmental challenges and husband its water resources. Another key area where infrastructure modeling can play a critical role is in addressing global warming concerns given changes in available technology, evolution of the energy mix toward renewable resources, and many other infrastructure-related factors.
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), a U.S. Department of Energy research laboratory tasked with national and energy security concerns, is at the forefront in the development of sophisticated infrastructure M&S capabilities and provides timely analysis of natural and manmade challenges to the infrastructure. This chapter explores the use of infrastructure models by presenting a representative cross- section of the models developed at LANL and some of the analyses completed with them.
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Notes
- 1.
Section 1016 of Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, Pub. L. No. 107–56, 115 Stat. 272.
- 2.
Interdependent infrastructure refers to the behavior of one infrastructure affecting one or more separate infrastructures (dependency) and the resulting behavior of the affected infrastructures feeding back and affecting the behavior of the original infrastructure.
- 3.
“Department of Defense Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan,” Under Secretary for Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, FY 2011,” July 11, 2011.
- 4.
Bush et al. [1].
- 5.
Bush et al. [2].
- 6.
O’Reilly et al. [3].
- 7.
LeClaire [4].
- 8.
Conrad et al. [5].
- 9.
LeClaire [6].
- 10.
LeClaire et al. [7].
- 11.
Murray [8].
- 12.
Fair et al. [9].
- 13.
Powell et al. [10].
- 14.
Klare and Powell [11].
- 15.
LeClaire et al. [12].
- 16.
Ambrosiano et al. [13].
- 17.
Galli et al. [14].
- 18.
McPherson and Burian [15].
- 19.
Powell et al. [16].
- 20.
Powell et al. [17].
- 21.
Berscheid et al. [18].
- 22.
LeClaire et al. [19].
- 23.
Powell et al. [20].
- 24.
LeClaire et al. [21].
- 25.
Unal [22].
- 26.
Bent et al. [23].
- 27.
Bush et al. [24].
- 28.
Fair et al. [25].
- 29.
McKay et al. [26].
- 30.
LeClaire et al. [27].
- 31.
LeClaire et al. [28].
- 32.
LeClaire [29].
- 33.
LeClaire and Bent [30].
- 34.
LeClaire [31].
- 35.
Jenkins [32].
- 36.
Water System Physical Disruption [33].
- 37.
US Department of Energy [34].
- 38.
Fernandez et al. [35].
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Leclaire, R.J. et al. (2014). Infrastructure Modeling: Status and Applications. In: Linkov, I. (eds) Sustainable Cities and Military Installations. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7161-1_19
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