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Epigenetic Mechanisms: Histone Acetylation, DNA Methylation, miRNA, Chromatin Modifiers

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Prostate Cancer: Shifting from Morphology to Biology

Abstract

In prostate cancer DNA methylation have been recorded as one of the main epigenetic event. More than 50 genes, in fact, have been found hypermethylated in prostate cancer (Li et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1704:87–102, 2004; Nelson et al., Front Biosci 12:4254–4266, 2007). However, only a small number of genes, e.g. RASSF1A, RARB2, APC, and GSTP1 (Florl et al., Br J Cancer 91:985–994, 2004) or GSTP1, APC and MDR1 (Enokida et al., Clin Cancer Res 11:6582–6588, 2005) can help to discriminate between benign and cancerous changes in the prostate, by hypermethylation assay. The assays for genes hypermethylated in a fraction of the cases may help to distinguish different subgroups of prostate cancer, even if the low sensitivity of the assay is mostly dependent on the amount of DNA obtained by the primary sample (biopsy, serum, urine). Then, the reliability of this tests, unfortunately, is still low (Li et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1704:87–102, 2004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’ IEOS, CNR, c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples, “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

    Angela Celetti

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  1. Angela Celetti
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Correspondence to Angela Celetti .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Advanced Sciences Pathology Section, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Stefania Staibano

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Celetti, A. (2013). Epigenetic Mechanisms: Histone Acetylation, DNA Methylation, miRNA, Chromatin Modifiers. In: Staibano, S. (eds) Prostate Cancer: Shifting from Morphology to Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7149-9_12

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