Skip to main content

Anomodontia: Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida

Part of the book series: Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology ((VERT))

  • 1297 Accesses

Abstract

Anomodonts are the most species-rich and abundant Permo-Triassic therapsids. This clade had a global distribution and spans a wide range of morphologies and ecologies. The beaked dicynodonts represent the largest anomodont subclade, and several new studies on this group are presented herein. Variation in dicynodont osteology is given particular focus, with contributions on both supernumerary bones in the dicynodont snout as well as bone pathologies in dicynodont postcranial skeletons. A comprehensive review of the Zambian dicynodont fauna is introduced, with implications for Permian vertebrate biostratigraphy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Angielczyk, K. D., & Kurkin, A. A. (2003). Phylogenetic analysis of Russian Permian dicynodonts (Therapsida: Anomodontia): Implications for Permian biostratigraphy and Pangaean biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139, 157–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angielczyk, K. D., Sidor, C. A., Nesbitt, S. J., Smith, R. M. H., & Tsuji, L. A. (2009). Taxonomic revision and new observations on the postcranial skeleton, biogeography, and biostratigraphy of the dicynodont genus Dicynodontoides, the senior subjective synonym of Kingoria (Therapsida, Anomodontia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29, 1174–1187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angielczyk, K. D., Steyer, J.-S., Sidor, C. A., Smith, R. M. H., Whatley, R. L., & Tolan, S. (2013). Permian and Triassic dicynodont (Therapsida: Anomodontia) faunas of the Luangwa Basin, Zambia: Taxonomic update and implications for dicynodont biogeography and biostratigraphy. In C. F. Kammerer, K. D. Angielczyk, & J. Fröbisch (Eds.), Early evolutionary history of the Synapsida (pp. 93–138). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Botha, J., & Smith, R. M. H. (2007). Lystrosaurus species composition across the Permo-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Lethaia, 40, 125–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Botha-Brink, J., & Angielczyk, K. D. (2010). Do extraordinarily high growth rates in Permo-Triassic dicynodonts (Therapsida, Anomodontia) explain their success before and after the end-Permian extinction? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 341–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman, D. (1981). The structure and relationships of the dromasaurs (Reptilia: Therapsida). Breviora, 465, 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cisneros, J. C., Abdala, F., Rubidge, B. S., Dentzien-Dias, P. C., & Bueno, A. (2011). Dental occlusion in a 260-million-year-old therapsid with saber canines from the Permian of Brazil. Science, 331, 1603–1605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fröbisch, J. (2008). Global taxonomic diversity of anomodonts (Tetrapoda, Therapsida) and the terrestrial rock record across the Permian-Triassic boundary. PLoS One, 3(11), e3733. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fröbisch, J. (2009). Composition and similarity of global anomodont-bearing tetrapod faunas. Earth-Science Reviews, 95, 119–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fröbisch, J. (2011). On dental occlusion and saber teeth. Science, 331, 1525–1528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fröbisch, J., & Reisz, R. R. (2008). A new species of Emydops (Synapsida, Anomodontia) and a discussion of dental variability and pathology in dicynodonts. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 770–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fröbisch, J., & Reisz, R. R. (2009). The Late Permian herbivore Suminia and the early evolution of arboreality in terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 276, 3611–3618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grine, F. E. (1997). Dinocephalians are not anomodonts. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17, 177–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grine, F. E., Forster, C. A., Cluver, M. A., & Georgi, J. A. (2006). Cranial variability, ontogeny, and taxonomy of Lystrosaurus from the Karoo Basin of South Africa. In M. T. Carrano, T. J. Gaudin, R. W. Blob, & J. R. Wible (Eds.), Amniote paleobiology: Perspectives on the evolution of mammals, birds, and reptiles (pp. 432–503). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huene, F. von. (1935). Die fossilen Reptilien des südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes an der Zeitenwende (DenwaMoltenoUnterkeuper = Ober-Karnisch). Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Südbrasilien 1928/29. Lieferung I. Tübingen: Heine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivakhnenko, M. F. (1994). A new Late Permian dromasaurian (Anomodontia) from Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal, 28, 96–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivakhnenko, M. F. (1996). Primitive anomodonts, venyukoviids, from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal, 30, 575–582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasinoski, S. C., Rayfield, E. J., & Chinsamy, A. (2009). Comparative feeding biomechanics of Lystrosaurus and the generalized dicynodont Oudenodon. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 292, 862–874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jasinoski, S. C., & Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2012). Biological inferences of the cranial microstructure of the dicynodonts Oudenodon and Lystrosaurus. In A. Chinsamy-Turan (Ed.), Forerunners of mammals: Radiation histology biology (pp. 149–176). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasinoski, S. C., Cluver, M. A., Chinsamy, A., & Reddy, B. D. (2013). Anatomical plasticity in the snout of Lystrosaurus. In C. F. Kammerer, K. D. Angielczyk, & J. Fröbisch (Eds.), Early evolutionary history of the Synapsida (pp. 139–149). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kammerer, C. F., & Angielczyk, K. D. (2009). A proposed higher taxonomy of anomodont therapsids. Zootaxa, 2018, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kammerer, C. F., Angielczyk, K. D., & Fröbisch, J. (2011). A comprehensive taxonomic revision of Dicynodon (Therapsida, Anomodontia) and its implications for dicynodont phylogeny, biogeography, and biostratigraphy. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir, 11, 1–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keyser, A. W. (1973). A re-evaluation of the genus Tropidostoma Seeley. Palaeontologia Africana, 16, 25–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keyser, A. W. (1975). A re-evaluation of the cranial morphology and systematics of some tuskless Anomodontia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 67, 1–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keyser, A. W. (1993). A re-evaluation of the smaller Endothiodontidae. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 82, 1–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, G. M. (1988). Anomodontia. In P. Wellnhofer (Ed.), Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie (Vol. 17C). Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, G. M. (1993). How many species of Diictodon were there? Annals of the South African Museum, 102, 303–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, G. M., & Rubidge, B. S. (1993). A taxonomic revision of small dicynodonts with postcanine teeth. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 107, 131–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Rubidge, B., & Li, J. (2010). A new specimen of Biseridens qilianicus indicates its phylogenetic position as the most basal anomodont. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 285–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modesto, S. P., Rubidge, B. S., & Welman, J. (1999). The most basal anomodont therapsid and the primacy of Gondwana in the evolution of the anomodonts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 266, 331–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, R. (1845). Description of certain fossil crania, discovered by A. G. Bain, Esq., in sandstone rocks at the south-eastern extremity of Africa, referable to different species of extinct genus of Reptilia (Dicynodon), and indicative of a new tribe or sub-order of Sauria. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 1, 318–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, S., & Chinsamy, A. (2003). Functional aspects of the postcranial anatomy of the Permian dicynodont Diictodon and their ecological implications. Palaeontology, 46, 151–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, S., & Chinsamy, A. (2004). Diictodon feliceps (Therapsida, Dicynodontia): Bone histology, growth, and biomechanics. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24, 180–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, S., Chinsamy, A., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2005). Lystrosaurus murrayi (Therapsida, Dicynodontia): Bone histology, growth and lifestyle adaptations. Palaeontology, 48, 1169–1185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, S., Bandyopadhyay, S., & Bhawal, D. (2009). Growth patterns as deduced from bone microstructure of some selected neotherapsids with special emphasis on dicynodonts: Phylogenetic implications. Palaeoworld, 18, 53–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, S., Botha-Brink, J., & Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2012). Dicynodont growth dynamics and lifestyle adaptations. In A. Chinsamy-Turan (Ed.), Forerunners of mammals: Radiation histology biology (pp. 120–146). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidor, C. A., & Hopson, J. A. (1998). Ghost lineages and “mammalness”: Assessing the temporal pattern of character acquisition in the Synapsida. Paleobiology, 24, 254–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vega, C. S., & Maisch, M. W. (2013). Pathological features in Upper Permian and Middle Triassic dicynodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida). In C. F. Kammerer, K. D. Angielczyk, & J. Fröbisch (Eds.), Early evolutionary history of the Synapsida (pp. 151–161). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jörg Fröbisch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fröbisch, J. (2014). Anomodontia: Introduction. In: Kammerer, C., Angielczyk, K., Fröbisch, J. (eds) Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6841-3_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics